MAJOR REDEVELOPMENT
GRAFTON STREET TO DAWSON STREET PROGRAMME
THE GRAFTON STREET TO DAWSON STREET REGENERATION PROGRAMME IS ABOUT TO COMMENCE
The Grafton Street to Dawson Street Revamp: Assessing Potential Business Impacts
1. Executive Summary
Dublin City Council is preparing to commence a significant €6 million regeneration of the streets connecting Grafton Street and Dawson Street, a project first announced a decade ago. This report addresses the understandable concerns raised about the potential disruption to businesses during the anticipated two-year construction period. The recent closure of Luigi Malones in Temple Bar, partly attributed to lengthy roadworks, and the varied experiences of businesses following the pedestrianisation of Capel Street serve as important examples of the challenges such urban development projects can present.
This analysis examines the specifics of the planned revamp, draws valuable lessons from similar past initiatives in Dublin City Centre, and carefully assesses the potential implications for businesses in the affected area. It highlights the critical need for Dublin City Council to implement robust mitigation strategies and provide comprehensive support to minimise any negative impacts on the local economy.
The report concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at fostering a collaborative approach between the Council and the business community. The goal is to ensure the successful delivery of the project while safeguarding the livelihoods of those operating within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street quarter.
2. Introduction
Background to the Revamp Project:
Dublin City Council is scheduled to undertake a substantial €6 million regeneration of the streets situated between the prominent retail hub of Grafton Street and the adjacent Dawson Street. This ambitious project, aimed at enhancing the public realm of a key area in Dublin's city centre, was initially announced ten years prior as an integral component of the Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Plan. The commencement of these significant works is slated for May of this year, with an estimated duration of up to two years. The considerable time elapsed between the project's announcement in 2013 and its impending commencement in May 2025 may understandably lead to apprehension and a degree of scepticism among business owners regarding the projected timeline and the potential for further delays, which could impact their operations and future planning.
Concerns Regarding Business Disruption:
The impetus for this report stems from valid concerns regarding the potential negative repercussions for businesses operating within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area during the extensive regeneration project. These concerns are amplified by recent events and past experiences in Dublin City Centre. Notably, "Luigi Malones," a long-established restaurant in Temple Bar, recently ceased trading, citing the prolonged duration of nearby roadworks as a significant contributing factor to a "plummeting turnover".
Similarly, the redevelopment of Capel Street, which involved pedestrianisation, saw some businesses, such as "Eatokyo," reporting losses due to the extended period of disruption caused by the works. It is acknowledged that the challenges faced by businesses on Capel Street were also influenced by other factors, including the Covid-19 pandemic and specific local events. The fact that Eatokyo's locations on Capel Street and Talbot Street (both situated on the Northside of the city) closed, while their Temple Bar branch (Southside) remained operational, suggests that location-specific vulnerabilities, potentially exacerbated by redevelopment works, can significantly impact business viability. These prior instances underscore the legitimate anxieties of stakeholders in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area regarding the upcoming revamp.
Report Objectives and Scope:
This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the planned Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp. Its objectives include detailing the specifics of the project and examining the impact of comparable redevelopment initiatives in Dublin City Centre, particularly focusing on the business outcomes of the Temple Bar roadworks and the Capel Street pedestrianisation.
Furthermore, the report will assess the potential implications of the upcoming revamp for businesses within the affected area and review Dublin City Council's established approach to supporting businesses during periods of roadworks and urban regeneration. Finally, it will offer a set of actionable recommendations designed to mitigate potential negative impacts and foster a more supportive environment for businesses throughout the duration of the project.
The scope of this report encompasses the geographical area between Grafton Street and Dawson Street, the anticipated two-year timeframe of the revamp commencing in May 2025, and the case studies of Luigi Malones and Eatokyo. The analysis will primarily draw upon the information provided in the research snippets to inform its findings and recommendations.
3. The Grafton Street to Dawson Street Revamp
Project Details:
The extensive regeneration of the streets between Grafton Street and Dawson Street represents a significant investment of approximately €6 million by Dublin City Council. This substantial project is scheduled to commence in May 2025 and is expected to take up to two years to complete. The specific areas earmarked for this revamp include South Anne Street, Duke Street, Lemon Street, and the various lanes that interconnect them. This initiative is not a new undertaking but rather the next phase of the broader Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Plan, which was first announced in 2013. The considerable duration of this project could present a substantial challenge for businesses operating within the area. Prolonged periods of construction and associated disruptions have the potential to significantly reduce footfall and negatively impact the daily operations of these establishments.
Planned Improvements:
The planned regeneration aims to significantly enhance the public realm of the area, introducing several key improvements. For the first time, automated rising bollards will be installed to manage vehicular access. The project also includes the planting of trees and flowers to improve the aesthetic appeal and introduce greenery. To promote sustainability, water bottle filling stations will be installed. The existing streetscape will be upgraded with the laying of new granite paving, specifically Leinster granite. On Lemon Street, plans include the creation of a dedicated play area for children. Additionally, the area will benefit from the installation of new public seating and bicycle stands, encouraging both pedestrians and cyclists. A notable addition to the public art in the city centre will be a bronze sculpture to be located on South Anne Street. These improvements collectively aim to create a more attractive, accessible, and pedestrian-friendly environment. While the immediate construction phase may cause disruption, these enhancements hold the potential for long-term benefits for businesses by attracting a greater number of visitors and encouraging them to spend more time in the area.
Traffic Management Plans:
Dublin City Council has outlined plans to manage traffic and pedestrian flow during the regeneration project. The works are scheduled to be completed in phases, a strategy intended to minimise overall disruption. Crucially, pedestrian access to businesses and through the area will be maintained at all times throughout the construction period. It is important to note that South Anne Street was already pedestrianised four years prior, indicating a pre-existing commitment to prioritising pedestrian movement in this part of the city. Similarly, Duke Street is currently pedestrianised from just past Duke Lane up to its junction with Grafton Street. Following consultations with organisations representing disabled people, the section of Duke Street from Dawson Street to Duke Lane will remain open to vehicular traffic. The newly installed automated retractable bollards on South Anne Street and the western end of Duke Lane on Duke Street will regulate access for delivery trucks, permitting entry only between the hours of 6 am and 11 am. General parking will not be available within the revamped area. Lemon Street will continue to operate as a pedestrianised street and will also be the location of the new play space. While the commitment to maintaining pedestrian access is a positive aspect, the restrictions on general vehicular traffic and the limited delivery window could present logistical challenges for businesses that rely on customer access by car or require deliveries outside the specified morning hours.
4. Impact of Previous Dublin City Centre Redevelopments
To understand the potential impact of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, it's helpful to examine the outcomes of similar projects in Dublin City Centre.
Luigi Malones (Temple Bar):
Luigi Malones, a restaurant that had been a fixture in Temple Bar for 28 years, made the difficult decision to cease trading on Sunday, April 13th. A primary reason cited for this closure was the significant decline in customer numbers, leading to a "plummeting turnover," directly attributed to the ongoing construction work immediately outside the restaurant's premises. The owners expressed a sense of frustration, stating that they had been "effectively barricaded into our own premises" for a period of three months due to extensive street works involving digging and rebuilding. Adding to their difficulties, the duration of these works significantly overran the initial estimate, lasting over three months instead of the anticipated one month. While the roadworks were the immediate trigger for the closure, the owners also acknowledged a broader context of a "gradual but general decline in trade in Dublin City Centre" and the increasing pressure of "inflationary pressures," which had made it challenging to operate profitably. The experience of Luigi Malones starkly illustrates the potentially devastating financial consequences that prolonged and highly disruptive roadworks can have on businesses, even those with a long and established presence. The significant discrepancy between the planned and actual duration of the works further compounded the negative impact, making it impossible for the restaurant to sustain its operations.
Capel Street Pedestrianisation:
Capel Street underwent a significant transformation in May 2022 when it was permanently pedestrianised, becoming the longest traffic-free street in Dublin City Centre. This decision followed a period of temporary pedestrianisation implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic and a subsequent public consultation in which a substantial 91% of respondents expressed their support for making the change permanent. The impact of this pedestrianisation on businesses along Capel Street has been multifaceted, with both positive and negative outcomes reported.
On the positive side, many businesses, particularly those in the hospitality sector such as restaurants and cafes, have benefited from a notable increase in pedestrian footfall, especially during weekends. The creation of a more pedestrian-friendly environment has also allowed for the expansion of outdoor dining areas, which has proven to be a significant advantage for eateries. The improved public realm has made Capel Street a more pleasant place for people to walk and spend time, and the absence of vehicular traffic has led to a reduction in noise and air pollution. Some businesses have reported an overall increase in trade due to the higher volume of people on the street, and Capel Street has gained recognition as a vibrant "destination street".
Conversely, some businesses have voiced concerns about the negative impacts of pedestrianisation. Retail businesses that historically relied on passing vehicular traffic and the convenience of on-street parking have reported a reduction in passing trade. Difficulties with deliveries outside the limited window of 6 am to 11 am have also been cited as a challenge. A significant point of contention was the feeling among some business owners that they were not adequately consulted before the permanent pedestrianisation was implemented. Furthermore, some residents and businesses in the surrounding areas reported an increase in traffic on adjacent residential streets as a consequence of the Capel Street closure. Notably, Eatokyo, a Japanese restaurant with a location on Capel Street, closed its doors in January 2025, to be replaced by another restaurant. While the specific reasons for Eatokyo's closure are not explicitly detailed in the provided information, it occurred after the pedestrianisation of the street. Additionally, a survey of businesses on Capel Street indicated that over 70% were "unsatisfied" with the traffic ban, and just over half reported a "negative effect" on their business. Concerns about a potential increase in anti-social behaviour in the absence of regular vehicular traffic were also raised.
The experience of Capel Street underscores that while pedestrianisation can bring about positive changes, particularly for certain sectors like hospitality, it can also present significant challenges for other types of businesses. Effective communication, thorough consultation with all stakeholders, and proactive measures to address concerns regarding access, deliveries, and traffic management in surrounding areas are essential for the successful implementation of such projects. The closure of Eatokyo, despite the generally positive assessment of the pedestrianisation by city councillors, serves as a reminder that various factors can influence business viability, and even well-intentioned urban development projects can have unintended consequences for individual establishments.
Comparison of Previous Dublin City Centre Redevelopments:
To provide a clearer overview, the table comparing the previous redevelopments can be summarised as follows:
Temple Bar Roadworks (Luigi Malones): This project involved street rebuilding and digging. It experienced significant timeline overruns (1 to 3 months). The business impact was severe, leading to the closure of Luigi Malones due to plummeting turnover. Key concerns included inaccessibility and prolonged disruption. The level of Council support was not explicitly detailed.
Capel Street Pedestrianisation (Eatokyo): This project involved the pedestrianisation of an entire street. The timeline impact was a permanent change following trials. The business impact was mixed, with positive outcomes for some and negative for others; Eatokyo closed. Key concerns included reduced passing trade, parking issues, and delivery challenges. Engagement with businesses was mentioned.
Planned Grafton Street to Dawson St Revamp: This project focuses on public realm improvements with some pedestrianisation. The anticipated timeline is up to 2 years. The potential business impact includes disruption during works with potential long-term benefits. Key concerns include reduced footfall during works and access limitations. The Council plans phased works to minimise disruption.
This comparison highlights the diverse impacts that different types of urban redevelopment projects can have on businesses. The Temple Bar roadworks, characterised by significant disruption and timeline overruns, led to the closure of an established business. In contrast, the Capel Street pedestrianisation resulted in a more varied impact, with benefits for some sectors and challenges for others, and in the closure of at least one business. The planned Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, with its focus on public realm improvements and a longer duration, presents its own set of potential challenges related to sustained disruption and access. These past experiences underscore the importance of careful planning, effective communication, and tailored support for businesses during such projects.
5. Potential Implications for Businesses in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street Area
Anticipated Disruptions:
Despite Dublin City Council's intention to minimise disruption through phased works and the maintenance of pedestrian access, businesses in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area should anticipate potential challenges during the estimated two-year construction period. Reduced footfall is a significant concern, as even with pedestrian access maintained, the presence of ongoing construction, noise, and visual clutter may deter shoppers and visitors. Businesses that rely on deliveries outside the 6 am to 11 am window, particularly those requiring larger or more frequent shipments, could face logistical difficulties due to the restricted access for delivery trucks. The noise and visual impact of construction activities could also negatively affect the ambiance of the area, potentially impacting customer experience and willingness to linger. While the phased approach to the works is intended to limit disruption, specific streets or sections within the project area may still experience extended periods of construction activity, directly impacting the businesses located there.
Mitigation Strategies Proposed by Dublin City Council:
Dublin City Council has outlined several strategies aimed at mitigating the potential negative impacts of the regeneration project. A key element of their plan is to complete the work in phases, which is intended to ensure that disruption is localised and not felt across the entire area simultaneously. The Council has also stated that pedestrian access will be maintained at all times throughout the duration of the project, which is crucial for ensuring that customers can still reach businesses. Furthermore, the decision to keep the Dawson Street end of Duke Street open to traffic was made following consultation with organisations representing disabled people, indicating an awareness of the need to maintain accessibility for all. While these proposed mitigation strategies are positive initial steps, the experiences of Luigi Malones and some businesses on Capel Street suggest that their effectiveness in fully offsetting business disruption may be limited. The prolonged duration of the project, even with phased works, could still lead to significant challenges for businesses.
Business Sentiment:
Currently, there is no specific feedback available from businesses located within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area regarding their sentiments towards the upcoming regeneration project. However, considering the concerns expressed by businesses during the Capel Street pedestrianisation and the unfortunate experience of Luigi Malones in Temple Bar, it is reasonable to anticipate that businesses in the Grafton Street area are likely to harbour similar anxieties. These anxieties would likely centre on the potential for reduced footfall, difficulties with customer and delivery access, the duration of the works, and the overall impact on their trade and viability. The history of business apprehension surrounding similar urban development projects in Dublin City Centre suggests that proactive engagement and clear communication from Dublin City Council will be crucial in addressing these likely concerns and fostering a more collaborative environment.
6. Dublin City Council's Approach to Supporting Businesses During Roadworks
Review of Publicly Available Information:
Dublin City Council has established administrative structures for managing roadworks within its jurisdiction, primarily through its Roadworks Control Unit, which is responsible for issuing necessary licenses and overseeing the execution of such projects. In the context of public realm improvement works, such as the upcoming Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, the Council has publicly stated its aim to minimise disruption to both local businesses and the general public. This commitment was evident, for example, during the Liffey Street Public Realm Works. For the Liffey Street project, the appointed contractor was specifically tasked with maintaining close communication with affected businesses to mitigate any potential disruptions and ensure continued access to their premises. To facilitate this, a dedicated public liaison officer was assigned to the Liffey Street works, and regular newsletters were distributed to keep stakeholders informed about the project's progress. Additionally, in recognition of the importance of the Christmas trading period for businesses, the Council made provisions to suspend works on Liffey Street over the festive season. The overarching framework for these public realm initiatives is provided by Dublin City Council's Public Realm Strategy, which guides the planning and execution of projects aimed at enhancing public spaces. The Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Improvement Plan, published in 2013 and 2014, provides the specific strategic context for the upcoming revamp. While these established procedures and past efforts demonstrate a level of consideration for businesses during roadworks, the varying outcomes of different projects, as highlighted by the Luigi Malones case, suggest that the effectiveness of these measures can be inconsistent and may require further refinement to adequately address the diverse needs of the business community.
Analysis of Communication and Engagement Strategies:
The pedestrianisation of Capel Street provides an example of Dublin City Council's communication and engagement efforts for significant urban development projects. This initiative involved a public consultation process, indicating an attempt to gather feedback and incorporate community views into the decision-making process. However, despite this consultation, some business owners on Capel Street reported feeling that their specific concerns and needs were not adequately addressed. For the upcoming Grafton Street revamp, the Council has mentioned conducting consultations with organisations representing disabled people regarding traffic flow on Duke Street. While engaging with specific stakeholder groups is important, the experience of some Capel Street businesses suggests that a more comprehensive and tailored approach to engaging with the business community may be necessary for the Grafton Street project. There appears to be a need for communication and engagement strategies that go beyond general public consultations and proactively seek to understand and address the specific operational challenges that businesses anticipate facing during the construction period.
7. Recommendations
To mitigate the potential negative impacts and foster a more supportive environment for businesses during the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, the following recommendations are proposed:
Enhanced Communication and Engagement with Businesses: Dublin City Council should implement a proactive and comprehensive communication and engagement strategy specifically targeted at businesses within the affected area. This should include individual meetings, workshops, surveys, a dedicated point of contact within the Council, and regular, detailed updates on the project's progress.
Transparent communication regarding delivery restrictions - alternative access arrangements, and any other relevant logistical information is crucial. Learning from the complaints about inadequate consultation during the Capel Street pedestrianisation, a tailored and proactive approach to business engagement can build trust and facilitate a more cooperative partnership throughout the project.
Financial and Logistical Support for Affected Businesses: Dublin City Council should actively explore the implementation of financial and logistical support measures to assist businesses directly impacted by the prolonged construction period. This could include investigating the possibility of providing business support schemes such as rates relief or grants to help offset potential losses in revenue due to the disruption. The Council should also work closely with businesses to identify and implement logistical solutions for deliveries that fall outside the restricted 6 am to 11 am window, where feasible, while also considering the needs of residents. Exploring the provision of temporary loading and unloading zones in nearby areas not directly affected by the construction could also help alleviate delivery challenges. Additionally, the Council should investigate options for potentially reducing the overall duration of the works, such as exploring the feasibility of extended working hours or alternative construction methodologies, while carefully considering the potential impact of increased noise levels on residents in the area. Providing such financial and logistical support can offer a vital lifeline for businesses that may experience reduced turnover as a direct result of the construction works, drawing a parallel with the financial struggles faced by Luigi Malones.
Learning from Past Experiences: Dublin City Council should undertake a thorough and systematic review of the lessons learned from the Capel Street pedestrianisation project, as well as other comparable urban redevelopment initiatives within Dublin City Centre. This review should aim to identify both the best practices that led to positive outcomes and the potential pitfalls that resulted in negative impacts for businesses. The insights gained from this analysis should then be directly applied to the planning and execution of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp. By proactively learning from past experiences, the Council can avoid repeating previous mistakes and implement more effective strategies for communication, disruption management, and business support for the current project.
Contingency Planning and Flexibility: Given the estimated two-year duration of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street regeneration project, Dublin City Council should develop comprehensive contingency plans to address any unforeseen delays or significant negative impacts on businesses that may arise during the construction. It is crucial that the Council demonstrates a willingness to be flexible and adapt the project plan based on ongoing feedback received from businesses and through continuous monitoring of the situation on the ground. The experience of the roadworks in the Temple Bar area, which significantly overran their initial timeline and contributed to the closure of Luigi Malones, underscores the importance of having robust contingency measures in place to mitigate the risks associated with such long-term infrastructure projects. This proactive approach will help to ensure that the Council is prepared to respond effectively to any unexpected challenges and minimise their impact on the local business community.
8. Conclusion
The upcoming €6 million regeneration of the streets between Grafton Street and Dawson Street holds significant potential for the long-term enhancement of Dublin City Centre's public realm. However, it is imperative that Dublin City Council proactively addresses the genuine concerns of local businesses regarding potential disruptions during the anticipated two-year construction period. Learning from the experiences of previous redevelopments, particularly the closure of Luigi Malones and the mixed impacts of the Capel Street pedestrianisation, is crucial. Effective mitigation and comprehensive support measures are essential to minimise negative consequences for the businesses operating within this vital area of the city. The Council's commitment to phased works and maintaining pedestrian access are positive steps, but further proactive engagement, tailored financial and logistical support, and a flexible approach to contingency planning will be key to ensuring the project's success for both the public realm and the local economy. By fostering a collaborative partnership with the business community and demonstrating a genuine commitment to addressing their needs, Dublin City Council can maximise the benefits of this regeneration project while safeguarding the livelihoods of the businesses that contribute to the unique character and vibrancy of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street quarter.
The Grafton Street to Dawson Street Revamp: Assessing Potential Business Impacts
1. Executive Summary
Dublin City Council is preparing to commence a significant €6 million regeneration of the streets connecting Grafton Street and Dawson Street, a project first announced a decade ago. This report addresses the understandable concerns raised about the potential disruption to businesses during the anticipated two-year construction period. The recent closure of Luigi Malones in Temple Bar, partly attributed to lengthy roadworks, and the varied experiences of businesses following the pedestrianisation of Capel Street serve as important examples of the challenges such urban development projects can present.
This analysis examines the specifics of the planned revamp, draws valuable lessons from similar past initiatives in Dublin City Centre, and carefully assesses the potential implications for businesses in the affected area. It highlights the critical need for Dublin City Council to implement robust mitigation strategies and provide comprehensive support to minimise any negative impacts on the local economy.
The report concludes with actionable recommendations aimed at fostering a collaborative approach between the Council and the business community. The goal is to ensure the successful delivery of the project while safeguarding the livelihoods of those operating within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street quarter.
2. Introduction
Background to the Revamp Project:
Dublin City Council is scheduled to undertake a substantial €6 million regeneration of the streets situated between the prominent retail hub of Grafton Street and the adjacent Dawson Street. This ambitious project, aimed at enhancing the public realm of a key area in Dublin's city centre, was initially announced ten years prior as an integral component of the Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Plan. The commencement of these significant works is slated for May of this year, with an estimated duration of up to two years. The considerable time elapsed between the project's announcement in 2013 and its impending commencement in May 2025 may understandably lead to apprehension and a degree of scepticism among business owners regarding the projected timeline and the potential for further delays, which could impact their operations and future planning.
Concerns Regarding Business Disruption:
The impetus for this report stems from valid concerns regarding the potential negative repercussions for businesses operating within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area during the extensive regeneration project. These concerns are amplified by recent events and past experiences in Dublin City Centre. Notably, "Luigi Malones," a long-established restaurant in Temple Bar, recently ceased trading, citing the prolonged duration of nearby roadworks as a significant contributing factor to a "plummeting turnover".
Similarly, the redevelopment of Capel Street, which involved pedestrianisation, saw some businesses, such as "Eatokyo," reporting losses due to the extended period of disruption caused by the works. It is acknowledged that the challenges faced by businesses on Capel Street were also influenced by other factors, including the Covid-19 pandemic and specific local events. The fact that Eatokyo's locations on Capel Street and Talbot Street (both situated on the Northside of the city) closed, while their Temple Bar branch (Southside) remained operational, suggests that location-specific vulnerabilities, potentially exacerbated by redevelopment works, can significantly impact business viability. These prior instances underscore the legitimate anxieties of stakeholders in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area regarding the upcoming revamp.
Report Objectives and Scope:
This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the planned Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp. Its objectives include detailing the specifics of the project and examining the impact of comparable redevelopment initiatives in Dublin City Centre, particularly focusing on the business outcomes of the Temple Bar roadworks and the Capel Street pedestrianisation.
Furthermore, the report will assess the potential implications of the upcoming revamp for businesses within the affected area and review Dublin City Council's established approach to supporting businesses during periods of roadworks and urban regeneration. Finally, it will offer a set of actionable recommendations designed to mitigate potential negative impacts and foster a more supportive environment for businesses throughout the duration of the project.
The scope of this report encompasses the geographical area between Grafton Street and Dawson Street, the anticipated two-year timeframe of the revamp commencing in May 2025, and the case studies of Luigi Malones and Eatokyo. The analysis will primarily draw upon the information provided in the research snippets to inform its findings and recommendations.
3. The Grafton Street to Dawson Street Revamp
Project Details:
The extensive regeneration of the streets between Grafton Street and Dawson Street represents a significant investment of approximately €6 million by Dublin City Council. This substantial project is scheduled to commence in May 2025 and is expected to take up to two years to complete. The specific areas earmarked for this revamp include South Anne Street, Duke Street, Lemon Street, and the various lanes that interconnect them. This initiative is not a new undertaking but rather the next phase of the broader Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Plan, which was first announced in 2013. The considerable duration of this project could present a substantial challenge for businesses operating within the area. Prolonged periods of construction and associated disruptions have the potential to significantly reduce footfall and negatively impact the daily operations of these establishments.
Planned Improvements:
The planned regeneration aims to significantly enhance the public realm of the area, introducing several key improvements. For the first time, automated rising bollards will be installed to manage vehicular access. The project also includes the planting of trees and flowers to improve the aesthetic appeal and introduce greenery. To promote sustainability, water bottle filling stations will be installed. The existing streetscape will be upgraded with the laying of new granite paving, specifically Leinster granite. On Lemon Street, plans include the creation of a dedicated play area for children. Additionally, the area will benefit from the installation of new public seating and bicycle stands, encouraging both pedestrians and cyclists. A notable addition to the public art in the city centre will be a bronze sculpture to be located on South Anne Street. These improvements collectively aim to create a more attractive, accessible, and pedestrian-friendly environment. While the immediate construction phase may cause disruption, these enhancements hold the potential for long-term benefits for businesses by attracting a greater number of visitors and encouraging them to spend more time in the area.
Traffic Management Plans:
Dublin City Council has outlined plans to manage traffic and pedestrian flow during the regeneration project. The works are scheduled to be completed in phases, a strategy intended to minimise overall disruption. Crucially, pedestrian access to businesses and through the area will be maintained at all times throughout the construction period. It is important to note that South Anne Street was already pedestrianised four years prior, indicating a pre-existing commitment to prioritising pedestrian movement in this part of the city. Similarly, Duke Street is currently pedestrianised from just past Duke Lane up to its junction with Grafton Street. Following consultations with organisations representing disabled people, the section of Duke Street from Dawson Street to Duke Lane will remain open to vehicular traffic. The newly installed automated retractable bollards on South Anne Street and the western end of Duke Lane on Duke Street will regulate access for delivery trucks, permitting entry only between the hours of 6 am and 11 am. General parking will not be available within the revamped area. Lemon Street will continue to operate as a pedestrianised street and will also be the location of the new play space. While the commitment to maintaining pedestrian access is a positive aspect, the restrictions on general vehicular traffic and the limited delivery window could present logistical challenges for businesses that rely on customer access by car or require deliveries outside the specified morning hours.
4. Impact of Previous Dublin City Centre Redevelopments
To understand the potential impact of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, it's helpful to examine the outcomes of similar projects in Dublin City Centre.
Luigi Malones (Temple Bar):
Luigi Malones, a restaurant that had been a fixture in Temple Bar for 28 years, made the difficult decision to cease trading on Sunday, April 13th. A primary reason cited for this closure was the significant decline in customer numbers, leading to a "plummeting turnover," directly attributed to the ongoing construction work immediately outside the restaurant's premises. The owners expressed a sense of frustration, stating that they had been "effectively barricaded into our own premises" for a period of three months due to extensive street works involving digging and rebuilding. Adding to their difficulties, the duration of these works significantly overran the initial estimate, lasting over three months instead of the anticipated one month. While the roadworks were the immediate trigger for the closure, the owners also acknowledged a broader context of a "gradual but general decline in trade in Dublin City Centre" and the increasing pressure of "inflationary pressures," which had made it challenging to operate profitably. The experience of Luigi Malones starkly illustrates the potentially devastating financial consequences that prolonged and highly disruptive roadworks can have on businesses, even those with a long and established presence. The significant discrepancy between the planned and actual duration of the works further compounded the negative impact, making it impossible for the restaurant to sustain its operations.
Capel Street Pedestrianisation:
Capel Street underwent a significant transformation in May 2022 when it was permanently pedestrianised, becoming the longest traffic-free street in Dublin City Centre. This decision followed a period of temporary pedestrianisation implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic and a subsequent public consultation in which a substantial 91% of respondents expressed their support for making the change permanent. The impact of this pedestrianisation on businesses along Capel Street has been multifaceted, with both positive and negative outcomes reported.
On the positive side, many businesses, particularly those in the hospitality sector such as restaurants and cafes, have benefited from a notable increase in pedestrian footfall, especially during weekends. The creation of a more pedestrian-friendly environment has also allowed for the expansion of outdoor dining areas, which has proven to be a significant advantage for eateries. The improved public realm has made Capel Street a more pleasant place for people to walk and spend time, and the absence of vehicular traffic has led to a reduction in noise and air pollution. Some businesses have reported an overall increase in trade due to the higher volume of people on the street, and Capel Street has gained recognition as a vibrant "destination street".
Conversely, some businesses have voiced concerns about the negative impacts of pedestrianisation. Retail businesses that historically relied on passing vehicular traffic and the convenience of on-street parking have reported a reduction in passing trade. Difficulties with deliveries outside the limited window of 6 am to 11 am have also been cited as a challenge. A significant point of contention was the feeling among some business owners that they were not adequately consulted before the permanent pedestrianisation was implemented. Furthermore, some residents and businesses in the surrounding areas reported an increase in traffic on adjacent residential streets as a consequence of the Capel Street closure. Notably, Eatokyo, a Japanese restaurant with a location on Capel Street, closed its doors in January 2025, to be replaced by another restaurant. While the specific reasons for Eatokyo's closure are not explicitly detailed in the provided information, it occurred after the pedestrianisation of the street. Additionally, a survey of businesses on Capel Street indicated that over 70% were "unsatisfied" with the traffic ban, and just over half reported a "negative effect" on their business. Concerns about a potential increase in anti-social behaviour in the absence of regular vehicular traffic were also raised.
The experience of Capel Street underscores that while pedestrianisation can bring about positive changes, particularly for certain sectors like hospitality, it can also present significant challenges for other types of businesses. Effective communication, thorough consultation with all stakeholders, and proactive measures to address concerns regarding access, deliveries, and traffic management in surrounding areas are essential for the successful implementation of such projects. The closure of Eatokyo, despite the generally positive assessment of the pedestrianisation by city councillors, serves as a reminder that various factors can influence business viability, and even well-intentioned urban development projects can have unintended consequences for individual establishments.
Comparison of Previous Dublin City Centre Redevelopments:
To provide a clearer overview, the table comparing the previous redevelopments can be summarised as follows:
Temple Bar Roadworks (Luigi Malones): This project involved street rebuilding and digging. It experienced significant timeline overruns (1 to 3 months). The business impact was severe, leading to the closure of Luigi Malones due to plummeting turnover. Key concerns included inaccessibility and prolonged disruption. The level of Council support was not explicitly detailed.
Capel Street Pedestrianisation (Eatokyo): This project involved the pedestrianisation of an entire street. The timeline impact was a permanent change following trials. The business impact was mixed, with positive outcomes for some and negative for others; Eatokyo closed. Key concerns included reduced passing trade, parking issues, and delivery challenges. Engagement with businesses was mentioned.
Planned Grafton Street to Dawson St Revamp: This project focuses on public realm improvements with some pedestrianisation. The anticipated timeline is up to 2 years. The potential business impact includes disruption during works with potential long-term benefits. Key concerns include reduced footfall during works and access limitations. The Council plans phased works to minimise disruption.
This comparison highlights the diverse impacts that different types of urban redevelopment projects can have on businesses. The Temple Bar roadworks, characterised by significant disruption and timeline overruns, led to the closure of an established business. In contrast, the Capel Street pedestrianisation resulted in a more varied impact, with benefits for some sectors and challenges for others, and in the closure of at least one business. The planned Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, with its focus on public realm improvements and a longer duration, presents its own set of potential challenges related to sustained disruption and access. These past experiences underscore the importance of careful planning, effective communication, and tailored support for businesses during such projects.
5. Potential Implications for Businesses in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street Area
Anticipated Disruptions:
Despite Dublin City Council's intention to minimise disruption through phased works and the maintenance of pedestrian access, businesses in the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area should anticipate potential challenges during the estimated two-year construction period. Reduced footfall is a significant concern, as even with pedestrian access maintained, the presence of ongoing construction, noise, and visual clutter may deter shoppers and visitors. Businesses that rely on deliveries outside the 6 am to 11 am window, particularly those requiring larger or more frequent shipments, could face logistical difficulties due to the restricted access for delivery trucks. The noise and visual impact of construction activities could also negatively affect the ambiance of the area, potentially impacting customer experience and willingness to linger. While the phased approach to the works is intended to limit disruption, specific streets or sections within the project area may still experience extended periods of construction activity, directly impacting the businesses located there.
Mitigation Strategies Proposed by Dublin City Council:
Dublin City Council has outlined several strategies aimed at mitigating the potential negative impacts of the regeneration project. A key element of their plan is to complete the work in phases, which is intended to ensure that disruption is localised and not felt across the entire area simultaneously. The Council has also stated that pedestrian access will be maintained at all times throughout the duration of the project, which is crucial for ensuring that customers can still reach businesses. Furthermore, the decision to keep the Dawson Street end of Duke Street open to traffic was made following consultation with organisations representing disabled people, indicating an awareness of the need to maintain accessibility for all. While these proposed mitigation strategies are positive initial steps, the experiences of Luigi Malones and some businesses on Capel Street suggest that their effectiveness in fully offsetting business disruption may be limited. The prolonged duration of the project, even with phased works, could still lead to significant challenges for businesses.
Business Sentiment:
Currently, there is no specific feedback available from businesses located within the Grafton Street to Dawson Street area regarding their sentiments towards the upcoming regeneration project. However, considering the concerns expressed by businesses during the Capel Street pedestrianisation and the unfortunate experience of Luigi Malones in Temple Bar, it is reasonable to anticipate that businesses in the Grafton Street area are likely to harbour similar anxieties. These anxieties would likely centre on the potential for reduced footfall, difficulties with customer and delivery access, the duration of the works, and the overall impact on their trade and viability. The history of business apprehension surrounding similar urban development projects in Dublin City Centre suggests that proactive engagement and clear communication from Dublin City Council will be crucial in addressing these likely concerns and fostering a more collaborative environment.
6. Dublin City Council's Approach to Supporting Businesses During Roadworks
Review of Publicly Available Information:
Dublin City Council has established administrative structures for managing roadworks within its jurisdiction, primarily through its Roadworks Control Unit, which is responsible for issuing necessary licenses and overseeing the execution of such projects. In the context of public realm improvement works, such as the upcoming Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, the Council has publicly stated its aim to minimise disruption to both local businesses and the general public. This commitment was evident, for example, during the Liffey Street Public Realm Works. For the Liffey Street project, the appointed contractor was specifically tasked with maintaining close communication with affected businesses to mitigate any potential disruptions and ensure continued access to their premises. To facilitate this, a dedicated public liaison officer was assigned to the Liffey Street works, and regular newsletters were distributed to keep stakeholders informed about the project's progress. Additionally, in recognition of the importance of the Christmas trading period for businesses, the Council made provisions to suspend works on Liffey Street over the festive season. The overarching framework for these public realm initiatives is provided by Dublin City Council's Public Realm Strategy, which guides the planning and execution of projects aimed at enhancing public spaces. The Grafton Street Quarter Public Realm Improvement Plan, published in 2013 and 2014, provides the specific strategic context for the upcoming revamp. While these established procedures and past efforts demonstrate a level of consideration for businesses during roadworks, the varying outcomes of different projects, as highlighted by the Luigi Malones case, suggest that the effectiveness of these measures can be inconsistent and may require further refinement to adequately address the diverse needs of the business community.
Analysis of Communication and Engagement Strategies:
The pedestrianisation of Capel Street provides an example of Dublin City Council's communication and engagement efforts for significant urban development projects. This initiative involved a public consultation process, indicating an attempt to gather feedback and incorporate community views into the decision-making process. However, despite this consultation, some business owners on Capel Street reported feeling that their specific concerns and needs were not adequately addressed. For the upcoming Grafton Street revamp, the Council has mentioned conducting consultations with organisations representing disabled people regarding traffic flow on Duke Street. While engaging with specific stakeholder groups is important, the experience of some Capel Street businesses suggests that a more comprehensive and tailored approach to engaging with the business community may be necessary for the Grafton Street project. There appears to be a need for communication and engagement strategies that go beyond general public consultations and proactively seek to understand and address the specific operational challenges that businesses anticipate facing during the construction period.
7. Recommendations
To mitigate the potential negative impacts and foster a more supportive environment for businesses during the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp, the following recommendations are proposed:
Enhanced Communication and Engagement with Businesses: Dublin City Council should implement a proactive and comprehensive communication and engagement strategy specifically targeted at businesses within the affected area. This should include individual meetings, workshops, surveys, a dedicated point of contact within the Council, and regular, detailed updates on the project's progress.
Transparent communication regarding delivery restrictions - alternative access arrangements, and any other relevant logistical information is crucial. Learning from the complaints about inadequate consultation during the Capel Street pedestrianisation, a tailored and proactive approach to business engagement can build trust and facilitate a more cooperative partnership throughout the project.
Financial and Logistical Support for Affected Businesses: Dublin City Council should actively explore the implementation of financial and logistical support measures to assist businesses directly impacted by the prolonged construction period. This could include investigating the possibility of providing business support schemes such as rates relief or grants to help offset potential losses in revenue due to the disruption. The Council should also work closely with businesses to identify and implement logistical solutions for deliveries that fall outside the restricted 6 am to 11 am window, where feasible, while also considering the needs of residents. Exploring the provision of temporary loading and unloading zones in nearby areas not directly affected by the construction could also help alleviate delivery challenges. Additionally, the Council should investigate options for potentially reducing the overall duration of the works, such as exploring the feasibility of extended working hours or alternative construction methodologies, while carefully considering the potential impact of increased noise levels on residents in the area. Providing such financial and logistical support can offer a vital lifeline for businesses that may experience reduced turnover as a direct result of the construction works, drawing a parallel with the financial struggles faced by Luigi Malones.
Learning from Past Experiences: Dublin City Council should undertake a thorough and systematic review of the lessons learned from the Capel Street pedestrianisation project, as well as other comparable urban redevelopment initiatives within Dublin City Centre. This review should aim to identify both the best practices that led to positive outcomes and the potential pitfalls that resulted in negative impacts for businesses. The insights gained from this analysis should then be directly applied to the planning and execution of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street revamp. By proactively learning from past experiences, the Council can avoid repeating previous mistakes and implement more effective strategies for communication, disruption management, and business support for the current project.
Contingency Planning and Flexibility: Given the estimated two-year duration of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street regeneration project, Dublin City Council should develop comprehensive contingency plans to address any unforeseen delays or significant negative impacts on businesses that may arise during the construction. It is crucial that the Council demonstrates a willingness to be flexible and adapt the project plan based on ongoing feedback received from businesses and through continuous monitoring of the situation on the ground. The experience of the roadworks in the Temple Bar area, which significantly overran their initial timeline and contributed to the closure of Luigi Malones, underscores the importance of having robust contingency measures in place to mitigate the risks associated with such long-term infrastructure projects. This proactive approach will help to ensure that the Council is prepared to respond effectively to any unexpected challenges and minimise their impact on the local business community.
8. Conclusion
The upcoming €6 million regeneration of the streets between Grafton Street and Dawson Street holds significant potential for the long-term enhancement of Dublin City Centre's public realm. However, it is imperative that Dublin City Council proactively addresses the genuine concerns of local businesses regarding potential disruptions during the anticipated two-year construction period. Learning from the experiences of previous redevelopments, particularly the closure of Luigi Malones and the mixed impacts of the Capel Street pedestrianisation, is crucial. Effective mitigation and comprehensive support measures are essential to minimise negative consequences for the businesses operating within this vital area of the city. The Council's commitment to phased works and maintaining pedestrian access are positive steps, but further proactive engagement, tailored financial and logistical support, and a flexible approach to contingency planning will be key to ensuring the project's success for both the public realm and the local economy. By fostering a collaborative partnership with the business community and demonstrating a genuine commitment to addressing their needs, Dublin City Council can maximise the benefits of this regeneration project while safeguarding the livelihoods of the businesses that contribute to the unique character and vibrancy of the Grafton Street to Dawson Street quarter.
MESPIL ROAD
MESPIL ROAD [ON THE SOUTH BANK OF THE GRAND CANAL]
Mespil Road, Dublin: History, Heritage, and Modern Development Along the Grand Canal
I. Introduction: Mespil Road – A Dublin Thoroughfare Shaped by Water and Time
Mespil Road stands as a distinctive Dublin thoroughfare, tracing the southern bank of the Grand Canal's 'Circle Line' within the prestigious Dublin 4 postcode.
Situated immediately adjacent to the historically significant Baggot Street Bridge, it forms part of the broader area often referred to as Georgian Dublin, characterised by its elegant architecture and leafy streets.
This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive examination of Mespil Road, exploring its historical trajectory from its origins intertwined with the development of the Grand Canal, through its association with notable architectural landmarks such as the now-demolished Mespil House and the influential figures connected to it, to its contemporary identity as a dynamic blend of residential, high-profile commercial, diplomatic, and cultural spaces. Throughout its evolution, the presence and changing role of the Grand Canal have remained a defining influence.
While the precise etymology of the name "Mespil Road" is not explicitly confirmed in the available historical records, its origin is strongly linked to Mespil House. This significant townhouse, constructed in 1751, predates the formal naming and development of the road itself. It is highly probable that the road derived its name from this landmark building. The name 'Mespil' itself possibly relates to the Mespilus genus of flowering plants, which includes trees such as the medlar and the snowy mespil, although this connection is inferential rather than definitively documented. The available sources do not offer conclusive evidence regarding the specific naming event or rationale for the road.
II. The Grand Canal: Engineering Dublin's Southern Expansion
The story of Mespil Road is inseparable from the ambitious engineering feat that defines its northern edge: the Grand Canal. The concept of linking Dublin with the River Shannon via a navigable waterway was proposed as early as 1715, but substantive work only commenced after the establishment of the Board of Inland Navigation in 1751 and a significant grant from the Irish Parliament in 1757. Construction began in 1756 under Thomas Omer, facing considerable challenges, particularly in traversing the Bog of Allen. The Grand Canal Company, formed in 1772 by noblemen and merchants, took over the project, bringing in expertise from engineers like John Smeaton and William Jessop. The canal gradually opened in sections, reaching Sallins for traffic in 1779 and finally completing its connection to the Shannon in 1804, after 47 years of construction at a cost estimated around £877,000.
The specific section bordering Mespil Road is part of the Dublin 'Circle Line'. Work on this crucial urban segment, designed to connect the main canal line at Portobello with the River Liffey via Ringsend Docks, commenced in 1790 and was completed by 1796. This engineering work physically established the southern boundary along which Mespil Road and the surrounding district would subsequently develop, transforming the urban landscape.
Initially, the Grand Canal served as a vital artery for trade and passenger transport. Goods such as coal, grain, timber, and famously, supplies for Guinness brewery, were transported along its waters, facilitating Dublin's industrial growth.
Trade volumes saw significant growth in the early 19th century, doubling from 100,000 tons in 1800 to 200,000 tons by 1810, with passenger boat revenues also reaching £90,000 by that year. However, the advent of the railways presented insurmountable competition. Passenger boat services were withdrawn in 1852, and commercial traffic officially ceased on 31st December 1959, under the ownership of Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which had taken over from the original Grand Canal Company in 1950. Ownership later transferred to the Office of Public Works (OPW) in 1986, and since 2000, the canal has been managed and maintained by Waterways Ireland, a North/South body established under the British-Irish Agreement. A significant moment in its more recent history was the successful public opposition to Dublin Corporation's plans in the 1960s to drain the canal and replace it with a six-lane dual-carriageway.
The history of the Grand Canal illustrates how major infrastructure projects can fundamentally shape urban geography and economic fortunes. The canal's construction not only provided a transport route but also created a distinct edge to the south of Dublin's historic core, influencing land values and stimulating development along its banks, thereby contributing significantly to the emergence of the affluent Dublin 4 district.
Even after its commercial functions ceased, the canal remained a prominent landscape feature. The proposal in the 1960s to obliterate it for a roadway signifies a period when its heritage and amenity value were perhaps less appreciated than its potential for facilitating modern road transport. Its survival, subsequent transfer to dedicated waterways management bodies , and recent enhancement projects demonstrate a successful transition. The canal has evolved from an industrial channel into a valued public space, recognised for its recreational, ecological, and heritage importance, influencing contemporary urban planning and lifestyle choices along its route. This trajectory highlights the long-term impacts of infrastructure investment and the shifting societal valuation of urban heritage features over time.
III. The Genesis of Mespil Road: Affluence and Architecture in Dublin 4
Mespil Road emerged as part of the wider development of the affluent residential district now known as Dublin 4, which encompasses areas such as Ballsbridge, Donnybrook, and Sandymount, situated between the Grand Canal and the River Dodder. This southward expansion occurred primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, driven by the migration of Dublin's wealthy elite from the previously fashionable north side of the city. This trend was reputedly spurred by the Earl of Kildare's decision to move his Dublin residence (now Leinster House) south of the River Liffey, prompting the professional, business, political, and artistic classes to follow.
The architecture characteristic of this period and area consisted predominantly of substantial, individually designed villa-style houses, set within large gardens along wide, leafy roads. Mespil Road, with its desirable location directly overlooking the Grand Canal, embodied this aspirational character. The vicinity showcases a blend of architectural styles, with nearby Baggot Street featuring both Georgian and later Victorian buildings.
The prestige of the Dublin 4 area, and by extension Mespil Road, is underscored by the calibre of residents it attracted over the years. While not all resided directly on Mespil Road itself, the broader neighbourhood between the canal and the Dodder became home to numerous famous individuals, including literary figures like W.B. Yeats and Seamus Heaney (both Nobel laureates), Pamela Travers (author of Mary Poppins), political leaders such as Eamon De Valera and Sean T. O'Kelly, the philanthropist Sir Alfred Chester Beatty, and many other distinguished academics, artists, professionals, and broadcasters. This established the high social and cultural standing of the environment in which Mespil Road and its most notable historic residence, Mespil House, were situated.
IV. Mespil House: A Lost Georgian Gem (c. 1751 - early 1950s)
At the heart of Mespil Road's early history stood Mespil House, a gracious Georgian townhouse whose existence spanned two centuries before its unfortunate demolition. The house was originally constructed in 1751 for Sir Edward Barry, a prominent figure in 18th-century Dublin. Born in Cork in 1698, Barry pursued a distinguished career as a physician, following in his father's footsteps after studies at Trinity College Dublin and the University of Leiden. He initially practised in Cork before moving his successful practice to Dublin, where he became Regius Professor of Physic at Trinity College (1754), President of the College of Physicians, a Member of the Irish Parliament (representing Charleville 1745-1761), and a published author on medical topics. Known for his intellectual pursuits and connections within Dublin's elite circles, Barry commissioned the construction of the substantial townhouse on what would become Mespil Road. He later moved his practice to London around 1761, was created a baronet in 1775, and passed away in 1776.
Mespil House gained considerable renown for its interior decoration, particularly its magnificent 18th-century plasterwork ceilings, considered by some to represent the pinnacle of the stuccodores' art of the period. The authorship of this exceptional work has been subject to debate. Joseph McDonnell, in his 1991 work on Irish stuccowork, attributed two ceilings (later removed to Dublin Castle) to Barthelemy Cramillion, a stuccodore believed to be of French Huguenot or Walloon origin who worked in Dublin, notably at the Rotunda Hospital chapel from 1755. However, architectural historians Timothy Mowl and Brian Earnshaw later questioned this attribution, pointing out that Mespil House's construction date of 1751 predates Cramillion's documented work at the Rotunda by four years. They also suggested that stylistic and technical differences in the plasterwork indicated the hand of possibly two different artisans. Themes depicted in the salvaged ceilings include mythological scenes such as 'Minerva Introducing the Arts to Hibernia' and 'Apollo as Sun God'.
In later years, Mespil House became inextricably linked with Sarah Purser (1848-1943), one of Ireland's foremost female artists. A highly successful portrait painter and stained-glass artist, Purser resided in Mespil House for many years. Born in Dún Laoghaire, she studied art in Switzerland and Paris before establishing herself professionally. Purser achieved financial independence through astute investments, notably in Guinness shares when the company went public. She was a pivotal figure in the Irish art world, playing a key role in the establishment of the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery (persuading the government to provide Charlemont House) and founding the influential stained-glass cooperative, An Túr Gloine (The Tower of Glass), in 1903. She was the first woman elected as a Member of the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in 1924 and served on the Board of the National Gallery of Ireland. Mespil House, under her residency, became a vibrant cultural hub. Her Tuesday afternoon 'At Homes' were legendary salons, fixtures of Dublin literary and artistic life, attended by prominent writers, musicians, and artists of the day. She painted notable figures like W.B. Yeats and Maud Gonne (portraits now in the Hugh Lane Gallery) and hosted exhibitions for fellow artists, such as Mary Swanzy in 1932. Swanzy, in return, painted Purser on the steps of Mespil House with her cat, Shan.
Despite its architectural quality and rich cultural associations, Mespil House was demolished in the early 1950s. The decision was driven by the perceived development potential of its prime site overlooking the canal, making way for modern redevelopment, most likely the Mespil Estate flats complex which began construction around the same time. Before demolition, however, a significant salvage operation ensured the preservation of its most celebrated features. Two of the ornate plasterwork ceilings were carefully removed and subsequently installed in Dublin Castle. A third ceiling, described as depicting Jupiter and the Four Elements, or Jupiter presiding over the elements and the four seasons, was removed and installed in Áras an Uachtaráin, the official residence of the President of Ireland, located in the Phoenix Park. It resides specifically in the President's Reception Room (sometimes referred to as the President's Study).
The narrative of Mespil House serves as a poignant illustration of the conflict often witnessed in urban environments between the preservation of significant architectural and cultural heritage and the relentless pressures of modernisation and redevelopment. Built in 1751, the house was a prime example of Georgian domestic architecture, possessing exceptional interior features, particularly its stuccowork, which held considerable artistic value. Its cultural importance was further cemented by its long association with Sarah Purser and her influential role in Dublin's artistic circles. Nevertheless, the prevailing attitudes of the mid-20th century, coupled with the high value of its land for new development (as evidenced by the subsequent Mespil Estate project ), led to its demolition. The act of salvaging the ceilings represents a compromise typical of the era – preserving elements of craftsmanship while sacrificing the building's overall integrity and context. This approach, while retaining valuable artefacts, resulted in the irreversible loss of the integrated architectural experience. The fate of Mespil House thus stands as a case study reflecting evolving conservation philosophies and the enduring challenge of protecting historic buildings in desirable urban locations, highlighting how even partial preservation can entail the loss of irreplaceable context.
V. Post-War Transformation: The Mespil Estate
Emerging on or near the grounds cleared by the demolition of Mespil House, the Mespil Estate apartment complex marked a significant new chapter for the area. Construction commenced in 1951, coinciding closely with the period Mespil House was pulled down, and continued in phases until the final block, Elm House, was completed in 1972. The architectural work was initially undertaken by Tyndall Hogan and Associates, and later completed under the name Tyndall Hogan Hurley Architects.
The Mespil Estate holds considerable historical significance as it represented Dublin's first major modern flat development in the post-war era and was, at the time, the largest privately-owned rented complex in the city. It was regarded as a well-appointed development, incorporating modern conveniences such as advanced heating systems and provisions for television, reflecting the aspirations of the time for comfortable, easy-to-run accommodation.
The estate was designed to be quiet and self-contained, featuring extensive and well-maintained landscaping that contributes to its pleasant environment. A charming detail of the design was the planting of the namesake tree for each block within the nearby grounds, reinforcing the individual identity of buildings such as Rowan House, Cherry House (noted for its distinct architectural style), and Elm House. Rowan House was specifically highlighted in contemporary reports for being designed as luxury 'flatlets', primarily intended for single business people, featuring modern amenities like built-in closets. A key facility within the estate is the Mespil Swimming Pool, which, although located within the private grounds, remains open for public use during the week.
The development of the Mespil Estate signifies a notable transition in Dublin's urban living concepts. The preceding era in Dublin 4, including Mespil Road, was defined by spacious, individual houses built for the city's elite. The replacement of the grand Mespil House with a large-scale apartment complex beginning in 1951 clearly illustrates this shift. Its status as the "first modern postwar flat development" underscores its pioneering role in introducing higher-density living to this part of Dublin. The focus on modern services and designs tailored even for single professionals reflects the changing social fabric and economic conditions of the post-war period, which generated demand for convenient, contemporary housing solutions. This development therefore represents an early and significant move towards apartment living in Dublin, prefiguring the denser urban residential patterns that would become more widespread in subsequent decades.
VI. Landmarks and Notable Buildings of Modern Mespil Road
Today, Mespil Road presents a blend of historical resonance and modern functionality, reflected in its diverse range of notable buildings and landmarks.
The Mespil Hotel (50-60 Mespil Road): A prominent landmark situated adjacent to Baggot Street Bridge, the Mespil Hotel is a 4-star establishment offering 260 guest rooms. The building itself has an interesting history, having been converted from a 1960s office block. Part of the Irish-owned Lee Hotel collection, the hotel recently celebrated its 30th anniversary. It provides various amenities including the Lock Four restaurant (named in tribute to the nearby canal lock), a lounge bar, a fitness suite, and business facilities, capitalising on its proximity to St. Stephen's Green, Ballsbridge, and other city attractions.
Corporate Hub: Nos. 40-42, 45, and The Stone Building: Mespil Road has become a significant location within Dublin's Central Business District (CBD), hosting several major office developments.
40-42 Mespil Road: This substantial office complex, comprising two interlinking seven-storey L-shaped blocks with a gross area of 257,000 sq ft, was developed by the Ronan Group and completed in 2001. It replaced the previous Irish Life headquarters, Pelican House. Initially, the Mespil Road block (102,000 sq ft) was leased by Bank of Ireland Asset Management (BIAM) and subsequently became the head office for the Bank of Ireland Group. More recently, following Bank of Ireland's shift to hybrid working, large portions of the building have been successfully sublet by Savills. Major tenants now include the Chinese ICT firm Huawei, Irish advisory firm Crowe, accounting and advisory firm Azets (occupying the 3rd floor), and global marketing communications leader Omnicom (occupying the 2nd floor). As of recent reports, only the ground and first floors remained available, highlighting the desirability of this waterfront office building.
45 Mespil Road: Located at the corner of Mespil Road and Burlington Road, this is described as a distinguished, stand-alone, seven-storey Grade A office building, representing a recent addition to the CBD. It is positioned among numerous other prominent corporate entities in the immediate vicinity. Cairn Homes Properties Limited is listed with an address at 45 Mespil Road in one planning document.
The Stone Building (Fleming Place): Situated on Fleming Place, a laneway connecting Mespil Road to Waterloo Road, this unique office property comprises a carefully integrated period stone-clad mews building and a modern three-storey office extension, presenting as a distinctive headquarters. It was recently marketed as an office investment generating significant rental income.
Diplomatic Presence: Embassy of Luxembourg (17 Mespil Road): Mespil Road also hosts a diplomatic mission. In 2022, the Embassy of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg opened at 17 Mespil Road, following planning permission for a change of use from office space to an embassy chancery.
The collection of modern buildings and functions along Mespil Road points towards its significant evolution into a prime corridor for high-value economic and diplomatic activity in the 21st century. While elements of its residential past remain, particularly through the Mespil Estate and the surrounding Georgian context , the construction and occupation of major office blocks like 40-42 and 45 Mespil Road signal a strong commercial shift. The calibre of tenants attracted – including major banks, technology firms, global advisory groups, and marketing companies – firmly establishes the road's position within Dublin's CBD. The addition of the Embassy of Luxembourg further enhances this profile, as diplomatic missions often favour prestigious and centrally located districts. This contemporary function contrasts markedly with the road's origins as a predominantly residential street defined by grand houses like Mespil House and its mid-century transformation with the Mespil Estate flats. This functional evolution demonstrates how certain Dublin areas have leveraged their prime location, historical prestige, and proximity to amenities like the canal to attract significant national and international organisations, thereby expanding the footprint and intensity of the city's central business district.
VII. Contemporary Evolution: Recent Developments and Planning
Mespil Road and its canal-side setting continue to evolve, with recent activities focusing on infrastructure upgrades, commercial adjustments, and new development proposals navigating the planning system.
Infrastructure and Amenity Upgrades: Significant efforts have been made recently to maintain and enhance the Grand Canal itself as both heritage infrastructure and a public amenity.
Lock C4 Refurbishment (2020): Waterways Ireland undertook refurbishment works on Lock C4, situated between Mespil Road and Wilton Terrace. Completed in 2020 at a cost of approximately €400,000, the project involved heritage masonry repairs to the lock chamber walls, careful cleaning and replacement of stones using matching materials and traditional mortars, and reinstatement of puddle clay behind the walls. The focus was on conservation principles, reusing existing materials where possible and ensuring new materials were sympathetic to the original structure.
Canal Bank Enhancement Project (Ongoing): A more extensive project is currently underway to upgrade the canal banks along the popular stretch between Locks C3 (Baggot Street Bridge/Mespil Road) and C5 (Charlemont Bridge). This collaborative initiative between Waterways Ireland and IPUT Real Estate Dublin aims to significantly improve the public realm. Plans include replacing narrow paths with a single wider path, enhancing public seating (potentially using recycled timber from old lock gates), improving accessibility for pedestrians and mobility aid users, implementing native and canal-suitable planting schemes, and providing better protection for the area's mature trees and biodiversity (notably otters and bats known to inhabit the corridor). The design also incorporates permeable path surfaces and segregation for walkers and cyclists. This project, designed by BSLA landscape architects and being delivered by Maylim, aims to preserve the area's unique character while boosting its amenity value for the high number of commuters and recreational users recorded here. Completion is anticipated by early summer 2025.
Commercial Activity: The commercial landscape along Mespil Road shows continued activity, reflecting both demand and adaptation.
Office Leasing at No. 40: The successful subletting campaign at 40 Mespil Road, resulting in major leases to Azets and Omnicom, demonstrates sustained demand for high-quality, fully-fitted office space in this prime CBD location. This activity occurred despite the space becoming available due to Bank of Ireland's move towards hybrid working, suggesting adaptability in the market and the appeal of flexible leasing terms in prestigious buildings.
Weekly Market Context: The canal banks at Mespil Road/Wilton Terrace have also served as a location for public activities, such as the weekly food market operated by Waterways Ireland. In 2017, this market faced objections from established local retailers concerned about litter and competition, but ultimately secured planning permission from An Bord Pleanála to continue operating weekly for a three-year period. This highlights the multi-use nature of the canal corridor and the potential for friction between different commercial and public interests.
Planning Landscape: Recent planning applications indicate ongoing development interest in the Mespil Road area, though not all proposals proceed successfully.
Esprit Investments Application (Mespil Court - Refused): A notable recent application (Dublin City Council Ref: 4997/22; An Bord Pleanála Ref: PL29S.315421) was submitted by Esprit Investments Limited for a development at Mespil Court, Mespil Road & Burlington Road. The proposal involved a four-storey mixed-use extension comprising offices linked to the existing building via a raised bridge, a café, and three residential apartments. However, this application was initially declared invalid by Dublin City Council in September 2022 and was ultimately refused permission by An Bord Pleanála following a third-party appeal, with the decision issued in July 2024. This outcome suggests that development proposals, even from experienced developers active in the area , face scrutiny and potential rejection based on planning considerations.
Smith+Kennedy / Esprit Investments Application (2021 - Outcome Uncertain): In January 2021, Smith+Kennedy Architects submitted a planning application on behalf of Esprit Investments for a new six-storey over basement office building on Mespil Road. While Esprit Investments has a significant property portfolio in Dublin, including other developments in prime locations , the available documentation does not confirm the final status or outcome of this specific 2021 Mespil Road application.
Broader Development Context: The activity on Mespil Road occurs within a wider context of continuous development and planning applications across Dublin, involving major developers like Cairn Homes (who have an office address listed at 45 Mespil Road and are active on large projects elsewhere in the city ) and numerous smaller schemes.
The contemporary situation on Mespil Road reflects a complex negotiation between competing urban pressures. There is evident demand for further commercial development, as seen in recent constructions and planning applications. Concurrently, substantial investment is being directed towards preserving the heritage of the Grand Canal (e.g., Lock C4 refurbishment ) and significantly enhancing its role as a public amenity and green corridor (Canal Bank Enhancement Project ). Planning decisions appear to mediate these interests; the refusal of the Mespil Court extension indicates that development is not automatic and must align with planning regulations concerning scale, impact, and context. Historical precedents, such as the narrowly averted plan to replace the canal with a road in the 1960s and the debates surrounding the canal-side market , further illustrate the ongoing balancing act required to manage different uses – transport legacy, modern commerce, recreation, heritage preservation – within this valuable but constrained urban space. The future trajectory of Mespil Road will likely continue to be shaped by this dynamic interplay, with new developments needing to demonstrate sensitivity to the area's rich heritage, the quality of the public realm, and sustainable practices, alongside achieving economic viability. The canal's enhanced status as a prime amenity may simultaneously attract further development interest while imposing stricter design and contextual requirements.
VIII. Conclusion: Mespil Road – A Synthesis of Dublin's Past and Present
Mespil Road encapsulates a remarkable journey through Dublin's urban history. Its narrative begins with its formation alongside the Grand Canal, an 18th-century engineering marvel that fundamentally shaped the city's southern expansion. The road subsequently became associated with Georgian elegance, exemplified by the lost Mespil House, home to influential figures like the physician Sir Edward Barry and the celebrated artist Sarah Purser, whose salons made it a cultural epicentre. The mid-20th century brought transformation with the construction of the Mespil Estate, pioneering modern apartment living in Dublin. Today, Mespil Road stands as a prestigious address where this layered past coexists with a vibrant present. It is a corridor hosting major corporate headquarters, a diplomatic mission, popular hospitality venues like the Mespil Hotel, and enduring cultural landmarks such as the evocative statue of Patrick Kavanagh by the canal that inspired him.
Several key themes resonate through Mespil Road's history. The Grand Canal's influence is paramount, evolving from a commercial artery to a cherished recreational and ecological asset that continues to define the road's character and desirability. The story of Mespil House starkly illustrates the perennial tension between urban development pressures and the preservation of architectural and cultural heritage – a conflict resulting in both loss and partial salvation. The road's changing functions, from elite residential street to modern apartment living and now a hub for commerce and diplomacy, mirror broader economic and social shifts within Dublin over centuries. Finally, contemporary efforts to refurbish canal infrastructure and enhance the public realm demonstrate an ongoing commitment to balancing heritage, amenity, and continued urban vitality.
In essence, Mespil Road serves as a compelling microcosm of Dublin itself. It is a place where the tangible legacies of 18th-century ambition and Georgian society persist alongside the dynamism of 21st-century globalised commerce and contemporary city life. All these elements are framed and unified by the enduring, revitalised presence of the Grand Canal, making Mespil Road a unique synthesis of Dublin's rich past and its evolving present.
CORNMARKET AREA
CORNMARKET AREA OF DUBLIN [PHOTOGRAPHED 13 APRIL 2025]
The Cornmarket Area of Dublin: Origins, Development, and Current Status
The Cornmarket area of Dublin, situated within the city's historic centre, holds a significant place in its urban narrative. This report aims to provide a comprehensive investigation into the origins and development of this area, its present-day condition, and the notable architectural and historical structures that are located within it. By examining the multifaceted history of the Cornmarket, a deeper understanding of Dublin's evolving urban landscape can be achieved.
The area encompassing the Cornmarket lies within the oldest settled parts of Dublin, with evidence indicating habitation as early as the mid-5th century. This early settlement, known as Átha Cliath, meaning "town of the hurdled ford," highlights the area's fundamental importance as a key crossing point over the River Liffey. The strategic positioning of this settlement on a prominent ridge overlooking the river not only offered natural defensibility but also presented considerable advantages for the facilitation of early trade. The sustained presence of human activity in the Cornmarket area for over a millennium underscores its enduring role as a central and vital location within the city of Dublin. The initial benefit provided by the ford likely established this area as a crucial nexus for subsequent urban growth and development.
The appellation "Cornmarket" was adopted for this area following the erection of a notable marble water cistern in 1308. This public amenity was commissioned by Jean le Decer, who served as the Mayor of Dublin, and was situated in close proximity to Newgate Street. The construction of such a significant structure suggests a growing formalisation of the area as a centre for commercial activity during this period. Newgate, which functioned as a principal gateway in the city wall on its western side, and is now encompassed by the Cornmarket, further contributed to the area's burgeoning popularity as a place for the sale of grain. This directly addresses the primary function that the Cornmarket would come to serve in the ensuing centuries. The economic importance of the Cornmarket in its early years was further underscored by King John's Charter. This royal decree mandated that foreign merchants were permitted to purchase only specific commodities – namely corn, hides, and wool – exclusively from the citizens of Dublin, thereby establishing the Cornmarket as a vital node within the city's broader economic framework. The erection of the water cistern appears to have been a pivotal event that facilitated the area's recognition as a dedicated marketplace for corn. Furthermore, the royal charter served to cement its significance within the larger trade networks operating in the city at the time.
Beyond its primary function as a trading hub, the early Cornmarket area also served other public purposes. To the northwest of the Cornmarket, the Bull Ring was a designated space for martial combat training. Historical records indicate that from at least the reign of Elizabeth I, the city's youth would gather here four times annually to receive instruction in military skills. This suggests that the area's significance extended beyond mere commerce into aspects of public life and civic engagement. The Brehon Laws, an ancient Irish legal system, provide evidence of the early cultivation of corn in Ireland. During the medieval period, the Cornmarket played a critical role in the large-scale export of grain to England, Scotland, and Wales. This highlights the area's enduring agricultural and economic importance on a broader scale. Records from the 14th century, including complaints registered against bakers and documented fluctuations in the price of wheat, offer insights into the Cornmarket's integral role in the city's food supply mechanisms and overall economic stability. Keyzar's Lane, which connected the Cornmarket to Cook Street, became the site of a significant event in 1496 when Mayor Jenico Marks was fatally wounded whilst attempting to quell a disturbance among the city's inhabitants. This incident suggests that the area was not always peaceful and could be subject to social unrest. Furthermore, from 1485, Newgate Prison was initially situated within the Cornmarket area, indicating a more sombre aspect of its early history, as it served as the city's primary place of detention. The initial history of the Cornmarket area reveals a dynamic and multifaceted space that was central to the life of early Dublin. It functioned not only as a vital centre for trade but also as a venue for public gatherings, military exercises, and even as the location of the city's principal prison, demonstrating its pivotal role in the social and economic fabric of the time.
Throughout the Middle Ages, the Cornmarket flourished as a vital centre for the grain trade, solidifying its position as an important and busy part of the city. The establishment of St Thomas's Abbey in the 12th century, located near what is now Thomas Street to the north of the Cornmarket, further contributed to the prosperity and commercial activity of the broader area known as the Liberties. Thomas Street, in particular, evolved into a vibrant marketplace, attracting merchants and traders and enhancing the economic dynamism of the entire district. The strategic location of the Cornmarket in proximity to significant religious and administrative hubs, coupled with its established role in the grain trade, likely underpinned its sustained prosperity during these centuries. The subsequent development of the Liberties as a thriving commercial area further amplified the economic activity in the vicinity of the Cornmarket.
However, by the early 18th century, the primary location of the Cornmarket underwent a significant change, being relocated to Thomas Street. This move was necessitated by the increasing congestion in the original area, largely attributed to the activities of individuals known as "Pluckers in." These people would stand in the streets, actively trying to entice potential customers into nearby shops, thereby impeding the flow of traffic and making passage through the Cornmarket increasingly difficult. This relocation marked a notable shift in the area's principal function as the central marketplace for grain. Following this move, the original Cornmarket area experienced a change in its character and the types of businesses operating there. It became predominantly occupied by haberdashers, who dealt in small items for sewing, woollen drapers, who traded in woollen cloth, and dealers in linens. This transition indicates a move away from its specific role as a grain market towards a more diversified mercantile area catering to different needs. In the early 19th century, the Wide Streets Commission was established with the aim of improving the layout and flow of traffic within Dublin. The efforts of this commission eventually led to the disappearance of the physical corn market hall that had been situated on Thomas Street. This reflects the impact of planned urban development initiatives on the area's physical infrastructure and historical function. The early 19th century also witnessed the construction of a new Corn Exchange on Burgh Quay. This development further diminished the significance of the original Cornmarket area as the primary location for trading in grain. The establishment of this new, purpose-built facility highlights the influence of evolving urban needs and infrastructure on the historical roles of different areas within the city. Additionally, Newgate Prison, which had been located in the Cornmarket since 1485, was relocated to Green Street in 1781. This change further altered the character of that particular part of the Cornmarket area. The functional and physical changes experienced by the Cornmarket area over time illustrate the dynamic nature of urban development and the ways in which different parts of a city adapt to evolving economic and social conditions.
Despite the relocation of the main corn market, the area around the original Cornmarket and Christchurch continued to be a bustling part of medieval Dublin. Tradespeople and craftspeople maintained a strong presence, providing essential services and goods to the town's inhabitants. The area we now recognise as Cornmarket has largely been shaped by 20th-century urban planning, specifically the widening of roads to create the thoroughfares of High Street and Bridge Street. This significant physical alteration has redefined the area's layout and likely influenced its contemporary atmosphere. The Liberties area, which encompasses the Cornmarket, also underwent substantial industrial development in subsequent centuries. Industries such as brewing, distilling, tanning, and weaving became prominent, contributing to the diverse and evolving character of the area over time. While the Cornmarket itself transitioned away from its primary role as a central grain market, the surrounding district remained a vital hub of commercial and industrial activity, demonstrating its capacity to adapt to the changing economic landscape of the city. The 20th-century road widening project represents a more recent and impactful intervention that has shaped the physical form of the Cornmarket as it exists today.
Presently, the area known as Cornmarket primarily functions as a busy transportation corridor, with High Street and Bridge Street serving as major traffic routes. Despite this modern infrastructure, remnants of the area's rich history can still be discerned. Sections of the old city wall, which once formed the boundary of medieval Dublin, are preserved at Cornmarket and in Lamb Alley. Additionally, St Audoen's Arch stands as the sole surviving gateway to the old city, providing a tangible link to its medieval past. The area's proximity to Christchurch Cathedral, a significant architectural and historical landmark, continues to draw visitors and contributes to the area's overall character. Notably, Cornmarket Group Financial Services Ltd., a financial services company offering investment and insurance brokerage predominantly to public sector employees, maintains its Dublin office at Christchurch Square, Dublin 8. The presence of this substantial commercial entity, named after the area, is a significant aspect of its contemporary status. Furthermore, the Cornmarket and Christchurch area serves as a location for filming, suggesting that it retains a degree of visual appeal and historical ambiance. The current status of the Cornmarket area reflects a confluence of its historical legacy and modern urban functions, primarily serving as a vital artery for transportation whilst still holding pockets of historical and commercial relevance.
Historically, the area's commercial activities included haberdashers, woollen drapers, and linen merchants. Today, the commercial activities in the Cornmarket area are varied. Cornmarket Group Financial Services Ltd. stands as a major business presence, as mentioned previously. Retail businesses also operate in the area, such as Farrow & Ball, a paint and wallpaper shop located at 14-15 Cornmarket. Additionally, MRCB occupies the premises at 10-13 Cornmarket, functioning as a commercial property that houses retail spaces, offices, and a dental clinic. The vicinity of Christchurch Square further contributes to the commercial landscape, featuring establishments such as the Leonardo Hotel Dublin Christchurch 20, a Spar convenience store 61, and a variety of other retail outlets and service providers. The current mix of businesses in the Cornmarket area reflects its transformation from a specialised grain market to a more general urban commercial zone, catering to a diverse range of needs and services.
The overall atmosphere of the Cornmarket area today is characterised by its function as a busy thoroughfare for vehicular traffic. This suggests a dynamic and potentially high-energy environment. However, the presence of significant historical remnants, such as the surviving sections of the medieval city wall and St Audoen's Arch, imbues the area with a tangible connection to its rich past, lending a sense of historical character amidst the modern activity. The close proximity of Christchurch Cathedral, a prominent landmark with centuries of history, further contributes to the area's historical and potentially tourist-oriented ambiance. The wider Liberties area, in which the Cornmarket is situated, is known for its diverse and vibrant atmosphere, featuring an eclectic mix of antique shops, vintage boutiques, art galleries, bars, and cafes. Moreover, the area surrounding Christchurch Square offers a variety of restaurants, cafes, and bars, contributing to the local vibrancy. The present-day character of the Cornmarket area is therefore a blend of the functional aspects of a major transportation route and the enduring presence of its medieval heritage, enhanced by the cultural and commercial activity of the surrounding Liberties district.
The Cornmarket area of Dublin is home to several buildings of significant architectural and historical note, each contributing to the rich tapestry of the city's heritage.
Christ Church Cathedral stands as a pivotal landmark, with its construction commencing around 1172, replacing an earlier wooden structure dating back to approximately 1030. This makes it one of the oldest buildings in Dublin, founded by the Norse King Sitriuc 'Silkbeard' and Dúnán, the city's first bishop. Throughout its history, the cathedral has been the site of significant events, including the 'crowning' of Lambert Simnel as Edward VI in 1487. In the 1870s, the cathedral underwent extensive restoration, largely funded by the whiskey distiller Henry Roe and overseen by the architect George Edmund Street. The architectural style is predominantly Gothic, with surviving Romanesque elements that date back to the 12th century. Notable features of the cathedral include its medieval crypt, which is the oldest surviving structure in Dublin 25, prominent flying buttresses, and a belfry that holds a world record for the number of change-ringing bells. The cathedral is also connected to Synod Hall (Dublinia) by a covered footbridge that was constructed around 1875.
Adjacent to the cathedral is Synod Hall, also known as Dublinia. This building was constructed around 1875 by George Edmund Street as part of the broader reconstruction of Christ Church Cathedral. It originally served as the Synod Hall for the Church of Ireland until 1983 and now functions as the Dublinia Viking and Medieval history museum. The architectural style is characterised as robust First Pointed Gothic, featuring simple buttresses, circular turrets, and plate tracery. The structure incorporates the tower of an earlier church that dated back to the 17th century. As previously mentioned, Synod Hall is linked to Christ Church Cathedral by a covered bridge, distinguished by its elaborate limestone detailing and stained glass windows.
Located at 10-13 Cornmarket stands a building constructed in 1877 as a warehouse for James H. Webb & Company, who were clothiers and woollen drapers. The design of this seven-bay, four-storey structure is attributed to McCurdy & Mitchell and features ornate granite detailing. Originally, the ground level was designed with large display windows, indicative of its commercial purpose. However, when the building was repurposed as local health offices in the 1950s, these ground-floor windows were bricked up. More recently, the building has undergone substantial refurbishment by HSE Estates, with the intention of housing the HSE Communications Office there. This renovation included the restoration of the timber sash windows on the main façade and the reinstatement of the original ground floor profile, reopening the building to the street.
At 14-15 Cornmarket, another notable building was constructed in 1866 to serve as a bank. It now operates as a shop, Farrow & Ball. The architect, Charles Geoghegan, employed an Italian Gothic style for this former Royal Bank building. The building is characterised by its decorative polychrome brick parapet and ornate render detailing on the ground floor. A more recent addition is a third storey with a flat roof.
St Audoen's Church, belonging to the Church of Ireland, stands as the sole remaining medieval parish church in Dublin, with its construction dating back to around 1190. It is dedicated to St Ouen of Rouen. The church features a 15th-century bell tower that houses the oldest set of church bells still in use in Ireland, cast in 1423. Its architectural style is a blend of Romanesque and Gothic, with later Neo-Gothic elements incorporated. Inside, the church contains the Portlester tomb, dating from 1482, as well as memorials to various notable families. The church is situated adjacent to the surviving portions of the old city wall and St Audoen's Arch.
Nearby stands St Audoen's Church, belonging to the Roman Catholic denomination. This church was built between 1841 and 1847, exhibiting a Greek Revival architectural style. The design is credited to Patrick Byrne, with a portico added later between 1898 and 1902 by George Ashlin. Due to the steeply sloping site, the church incorporates a double-level crypt at the rear. It is also notable for housing the National Shrine of St Anne.
Although no longer standing, the site of Newgate Prison holds historical significance. It was initially located in the Cornmarket area from 1485, serving as the primary prison for the city. Before its use as a prison, it functioned as one of the city's main gates. In 1781, the prison was relocated to Green Street. The original site of Newgate Prison is now occupied by Saint Michan's Park. The prison played a notable role in the penal history of Dublin for several centuries.
Another historically important structure, no longer extant, is the Corn Market House on Thomas Street. Completed in 1725, it was one of Dublin's earliest dedicated corn exchanges and was situated near Newgate and the Black Dog jail, in the area now often referred to as Cornmarket. It was a long, two-storey building featuring an arcaded facade with 13 arches and a central cupola. Due to its inconvenient location and the obstruction it caused to street traffic, the Corn Market House was demolished in 1818 by the Wide Streets Commission.
The site of the Black Dog Prison also contributes to the area's history. Located in Newhall Market, which is now known as Cornmarket, it was built on the grounds of Browne's Castle. Before becoming a prison, it operated as a tavern, from which it derived its name, and served as a place of confinement from at least the 17th century. From the early 18th century, the Black Dog Prison functioned as Dublin's primary debtors' prison. By the late 18th century, it was replaced by newer prisons, including the relocated Newgate Prison and a new Sheriff's Prison on Green Street. The site of the Black Dog Prison is situated between Upper Bridge Street and St Augustine Street, to the north of Cornmarket, and no physical remains of the structure are currently visible.
The Cornmarket area and its surroundings have witnessed recent developments and are subject to planned changes that will shape its future.
Recent developments include the refurbishment of the building at 10-13 Cornmarket by HSE Estates. This project aimed to house the HSE Communications Office within the premises and involved the restoration of the building's original facade. Additionally, a building at 61-63 Thomas Street has been undergoing redevelopment to transform it into a multipurpose space that will include a large office area and a new restaurant. The property located at 12-13 Cornmarket & 7/11 Augustine Street has been put up for sale as a retail investment opportunity. Furthermore, the Land Development Agency (LDA) has unveiled plans for the redevelopment of the Digital Hub campus, situated near Thomas Street. These ambitious plans envision the creation of affordable housing alongside commercial, cultural, and community facilities. The wider Liberties area, in which the Cornmarket is located, is also the focus of ongoing regeneration efforts by Dublin City Council, including the implementation of the Liberties Greening Strategy. These recent activities indicate a renewed focus on the area, balancing the preservation of its heritage with the introduction of contemporary uses.
Looking ahead, several planned changes are expected to further transform the Cornmarket area. The LDA's masterplan for the Digital Hub site is anticipated to be finalised, with the phased delivery of the proposed development commencing from 2024 onwards. There is also the potential for additional development and conservation projects within the broader Liberties area, driven by Dublin City Council's strategic initiatives. Notably, Cornmarket financial services has introduced a 'Sustainable Business Impact Award,' suggesting a growing corporate emphasis on environmental responsibility and community engagement. These planned changes indicate that the future of the Cornmarket area will likely be characterised by a combination of private sector development, public sector-led regeneration projects, and an increasing awareness of the importance of sustainability and community involvement in urban development.
In conclusion, the Cornmarket area of Dublin presents a rich and layered history, evolving from its earliest origins as a strategic settlement and river crossing to its significant role as a central marketplace for grain. Over the centuries, the area has witnessed substantial development and change, including the relocation of the market and its subsequent transformation into a hub of commercial and industrial activity. Today, whilst primarily functioning as a busy transportation route, the Cornmarket retains its historical significance through surviving remnants of its medieval past and its proximity to iconic landmarks. Notable buildings such as Christ Church Cathedral, Synod Hall, and the former commercial warehouses stand as testaments to the area's architectural heritage, whilst the sites of Newgate Prison and the Corn Market House serve as important reminders of its historical functions. As the Cornmarket area looks to the future, recent developments and planned changes indicate a continued process of urban evolution, balancing the preservation of its unique heritage with the introduction of new uses and a growing focus on sustainable and community-oriented development. The Cornmarket remains a vital part of Dublin's urban fabric, reflecting the city's dynamic history and its ongoing adaptation to contemporary needs.
101 FRANCIS STREET
MOLLY'S BAR [101-103 FRANCIS STREET IN DUBLIN CITY]
Molly's Bar, located at 101-103 Francis Street in Dublin 8, occupies a pivotal position within The Liberties, a historically rich and dynamic neighbourhood in Dublin city. This report examines the evolution of this specific address, tracing its recent transformations within the hospitality sector.
To contextualise Molly's Bar's current presence, we will explore its immediate predecessors, the drag bar Doll Society and the establishment Societal Collapse, and their connection to the nearby Jackie's bar. Understanding the historical context of Francis Street itself is crucial to comprehending these changes. This thoroughfare boasts a history dating back to at least the medieval period. Records indicate it was known as "Great Street" around 1200 AD, evolving through "King's highway" in 1325, and finally becoming St Francis Street by 1610. This enduring presence underscores its continuous importance as a route and location within Dublin.
Beyond its role as a thoroughfare, Francis Street has held religious and social significance. A church has stood on this street since at least the 12th century, with the current St. Nicholas of Myra Church dating back to 1829. This church served as the registration point for Catholic births at the nearby Coombe Hospital from 1783 to 1967. Furthermore, the late 19th and 20th centuries saw Francis Street develop into a significant commercial hub, exemplified by the Iveagh Markets, which operated from 1906 until the 1990s on the site of a former brewery, Sweetman's, established in 1791.
Historical records from the 14th century confirm Francis Street's existence, and by the 18th century, it had become a bustling area inhabited by prosperous merchants and traders, even gaining a literary connection through Jonathan Swift. However, the early 20th century saw socio-economic shifts, leading to tenements and urban decay. More recently, Francis Street has undergone revitalisation, emerging as a centre for antique shops over the past 30 to 40 years, alongside new bars, restaurants, and retail outlets. Adding to its historical profile, Francis Street was also a recognised centre for clay pipe manufacture during the 18th and 19th centuries, evidenced by archaeological findings at numbers 134-143.
Focusing on 101-103 Francis Street, planning records from 2014 reveal a proposal for an additional storey to an existing four-storey mixed retail, office, and residential development. This indicates the building had already undergone significant development, establishing its current mixed-use nature. The same document mentions the demolition of the fire-damaged "The Horse and Jockey" pub for student accommodation, suggesting 101-103 Francis Street, or part of it, may have previously housed a public house.
Hotel booking websites list 101-103 Francis Street as the location for both a "2 Bedroom Apartment Near Historical Christchurch" and a "Stylish And Private Room In Central Dublin", confirming residential units within the building. Renewed planning permission in 2014 for an additional floor further supports this mixed-use development. This information suggests a significant redevelopment in the early 2010s, with retail or hospitality space at ground level and residential units above. The reference to "The Horse and Jockey" hints at a prior public house, setting the stage for its more recent hospitality incarnations.
The building transitioned into Doll Society, a drag bar, in spring 2023, operating for approximately 18 to 21 months before becoming Molly's Bar in December 2024. Doll Society was a vibrant, "pink brunch-focused bar" with a "Barbie feel," featuring neon signs, leather seating, and flower walls. It offered "savage cocktails," themed brunches, and drag performances, with "crazy performers dancing on tables." The bar aimed for an Instagram-friendly aesthetic, featuring a photo booth and a "pink sun-trap beer garden." Reviews praised its lively atmosphere and entertainment, though some noted service inconsistencies and crowding.
Preceding Doll Society was Societal Collapse, described as "kind of a cocktail bar with kind of food," which closed in early 2023. While details are limited, it appears to have been a similar venue.
Both Doll Society and Societal Collapse were operated by the same individuals as Jackie's bar at 43 Francis Street. Jackie's has a 1990s and early 2000s Irish nostalgia theme, evident in its decor, music, and "nostalgia filled cocktails." The shared ownership suggests a coordinated approach to the local hospitality market, with Jackie's focusing on general nostalgia and Doll Society on a flamboyant drag theme.
The most recent transformation occurred in December 2024 with the opening of Molly's Bar, a "normal" pub under the Galway Bay Brewery group. This represents a shift from a themed drag bar to a traditional brewery-owned pub, offering Galway Bay Brewery beers alongside classics.
Francis Street itself features a diverse nightlife, including Jackie's, The Liberty Belle (a traditional pub since 1845), and the former Anti-Social (a cocktail and fast food establishment). The recent addition of new bars and restaurants alongside antique shops indicates a growing hospitality sector.
The Liberties, where Molly's Bar is situated, has a rich history dating back to the 12th century. Its autonomy and distinct jurisdiction shaped its character. The area experienced periods of prosperity and hardship, from the influx of Huguenot weavers in the 17th century to the industrial era and subsequent urban decay. Recent revitalisation has blended antique shops and markets with new businesses and a growing cultural scene.
In conclusion, 101-103 Francis Street has undergone various transformations, reflecting the dynamic nature of Francis Street and The Liberties. From a potential former public house to themed cocktail bars and now a traditional pub, this location mirrors the neighbourhood's evolution. The address holds a significant place within Dublin's social and commercial history, reflecting the ever-changing urban landscape.
TEMPLE PLACE
YOU CAN ACCESS RANELAGH GARDENS PARK VIA TEMPLE PLACE [PHOTOGRAPHED 6 APRIL 2025]
Temple Place, a terrace of nine houses (Numbers 2 to 10), provides pedestrian access to Ranelagh Gardens Park via a gateway at its north-western end. This laneway, formerly known as Bennet's Lane, is situated between Ranelagh Village and the park, bordered by the Superquinn car park to the south-east.
The terrace's construction, dating back to 1867, occurred within the rear gardens of Numbers 26 to 28 Ranelagh, as evidenced by its first valuation records and its appearance on the 1882 and 1907 Ordnance Survey maps. Eight of the nine houses are protected structures, highlighting their historical significance. The lane is also noted in valuation records as being behind No. 40 Ranelagh Road.
The terrace itself comprises modest two and three-bay, two-storey houses. While originally featuring yellow dolphin barn brick facades and Blue Bangor slate roofs, only remnants of these original features remain. Most facades are now rendered or painted, and only one roof retains its original slate. The window openings, though still possessing painted granite sills, have lost their original timber sash windows, which, according to Deirdre Kelly's "Four Roads to Dublin," were both six-over-six and two-over-two configurations. Similarly, the original timber panelled doors with glazed overlights have largely been replaced, with Number 7 appearing to be an exception.
Despite modern alterations, including the adjacent car park and the replacement of original architectural details, Temple Place retains an attractive, cohesive character and a distinct sense of place. Access to the terrace is through a modern archway from Ranelagh Village, with a modern boundary wall and railings separating the houses from the car park. Numbers 11 and 12 Temple Place are modern houses.
It is noteworthy that Ranelagh Village itself does not appear on Rocque's 1760 map of Dublin, indicating its development from the late 18th century onwards. Taylor's 1816 and William Duncan's 1821 maps illustrate the village's further expansion in the early 19th century.
CENTRAL PLAZA
THE TREE OF GOLD AND THE CENTRAL PLAZA [DAME STREET SUNDAY 30 MARCH 2025]
Central Plaza and Dame Street in Dublin represent a significant area of the city, blending historical architecture with modern development. Here's a breakdown:
Central Plaza:
Historical Significance:
Central Plaza is the site of the former Central Bank of Ireland headquarters.
The original building, designed by architect Sam Stephenson, is known for its distinctive architecture, particularly its suspended structure.
It was originally controversial, but has now become an icon of Dublin architecture.
Modern Redevelopment:
The site has undergone extensive refurbishment, transforming it into a mixed-use development.
It now includes offices, retail spaces, and food and beverage establishments.
A key feature of the redevelopment is the rooftop venue, offering panoramic views of Dublin.
It is now a modern hub for shopping, dinning, and working.
Architectural Features:
The building's unique structural system, with floors suspended from central concrete cores, has been preserved and restored.
The location now blends classical and contemporary architecture.
Dame Street:
Location and Significance:
Dame Street is a major thoroughfare in Dublin city centre.
It's a historically significant street, home to various important buildings and landmarks, including Central Plaza.
It's a bustling area with a mix of commercial, cultural, and historical attractions.
Connection to Central Plaza:
Central Plaza fronts onto Dame Street, making it a prominent feature of the streetscape.
The redevelopment of Central Plaza has revitalised this section of Dame Street, attracting more visitors and businesses.
"Tree of Gold" (Crann an Óir):
Sculpture:
"Tree of Gold" is a sculpture by Irish sculptor Éamonn O'Doherty.
It was originally commissioned by the Central Bank in 1991.
The sculpture has been fully refurbished and reinstated in the plaza grounds as part of the Central Plaza redevelopment.
It is a very prominent public art piece, that adds to the aesthetic of the plaza.
Significance:
Its return marks a significant part of the completion of the Central Plaza redevelopment.
It represents a blending of modern redevelopment, with the preservation of cultural art.
In essence, Central Plaza is a revitalised landmark on Dame Street, blending architectural history with modern urban development, and the "Tree of Gold" sculpture adds a cultural and artistic dimension to the space.
TUDOR ROAD
TUDOR ROAD [RANELAGH AREA OF DUBLIN]
Tudor Road is located in the desirable Dublin 6 area, specifically within the Ranelagh neighbourhood. This area is known for its affluent residential character, its proximity to Dublin city centre, and its vibrant local amenities. Here's a breakdown of what makes Tudor Road
It is primarily a residential street, characterised by attractive and often substantial family homes.
The area is highly sought after, which contributes to the relatively high property values.
UPPER FOWNES STREET
UPPER FOWNES STREET [TEMPLE BAR AREA OF DUBLIN]
Back in the 1960s I had a summer job here and it was very different back then.
Upper Fownes Street, located in Dublin, Ireland, is a section of Fownes Street within the city's historic Temple Bar area. Here's a summary of its key aspects:
Location and Context:
It's situated in Dublin 2, within the vibrant Temple Bar district.
Fownes Street itself runs from Wellington Quay to Dame Street, and Upper Fownes Street is the southern portion of this street, closer to Dame street.
It is within a very historic part of Dublin city.
Historical Significance:
The street is named after Sir William Fownes, 1st Baronet.
It has historical connections to Dublin's past, including mentions in James Joyce's "Ulysses."
The area has housed significant cultural locations, such as the Hirschfeld Centre.
There are also very old buildings that remain on the street, that have significant architectural value.
Contemporary Relevance:
It's part of the bustling Temple Bar area, known for its cultural and entertainment offerings.
Ongoing public realm improvement schemes by Dublin City Council affect the street, with recent roadworks.
It contains both commercial and residential properties.
It is a location that benefits from good access to public transportation.
Current Activity:
Roadworks are currently taking place in 2025, due to the Temple Bar Public Realm Improvement Scheme.
MORRISON OBELISK
THE MORRISON OBELISK [A MONUMENT IN DONNYBROOK]
Because of the traffic photographing was more than difficult.
The Morrison Obelisk, a striking monument in Donnybrook, Dublin, stands as a tribute to Alderman Arthur Morrison, a significant figure in 19th-century Dublin. Morrison served as Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1835 to 1836, a period marked by civic reform and development. Beyond his mayoral duties, Morrison was also a dedicated member of the Grand Jury of the County of Dublin. In this role, he played a crucial part in improving the infrastructure of Donnybrook, leaving a lasting legacy on the area. One of his most notable contributions was his support for and involvement in the construction of Anglesey Bridge over the River Dodder in 1832. This bridge, a vital crossing point, significantly enhanced connectivity and facilitated the growth of Donnybrook. The obelisk serves not just as a memorial to Morrison himself, but also as a reminder of the important civic improvements he championed.
LENNOX STREET AND PLACE
LENNOX STREET AND LENNOX PLACE [TWO STREETS IN THE PORTOBELLO AREA OF DUBLIN]
Lennox Street and Lennox Place are two charming streets in Portobello, Dublin 8. These streets are renowned for their picturesque red-brick Victorian architecture, creating a tranquil and inviting atmosphere.
Lennox Street is a longer street that connects to the busy South Circular Road. It's known for its mix of residential properties and a few select businesses, contributing to a vibrant yet peaceful community feel. The street exudes a classic Dublin charm with its period homes and well-maintained facades.
Lennox Place is a smaller, more secluded street branching off Lennox Street. It offers an even greater sense of tranquillity, with its quiet setting and close-knit community. The houses here often feature small front gardens, adding to the area's charm.
Both streets are highly sought-after residential locations due to their proximity to the city centre and the unique village-like atmosphere of Portobello. Residents enjoy easy access to the Grand Canal, a variety of local shops, cafés, and restaurants, as well as excellent transport links.
ST LAURENCE'S ROAD
ST LAURENCE'S ROAD [CHAPELIZOD ON THE SOUTH BANK OF THE RIVER LIFFEY]
When I was young my parents had decided to purchase a house on this street but decided not to go ahead because of the real risk of flooding.
St Laurence's Road is a charming street located in the heart of Chapelizod, a picturesque village nestled on the south bank of the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland. The road is characterised by a mix of residential properties, including period houses and modern developments, reflecting the village's rich history and its ongoing evolution.
One of the many perks of living on St Laurence's Road is the direct access it provides to Liffey Park. This lovely green space, stretching along the south bank of the river, is perfect for leisurely strolls, picnics, or simply enjoying the fresh air and scenic views.
Chapelizod itself is renowned for its quaint atmosphere and its strong community spirit. The old village centre, a stone's throw from St Laurence's Road, offers a variety of local shops, traditional pubs, and cosy cafes, providing residents and visitors with a taste of Irish hospitality.
The village's idyllic location on the banks of the Liffey offers stunning views and ample opportunities for leisurely walks. While Phoenix Park is a short distance away on the north side of the river, residents of St Laurence's Road have the luxury of Liffey Park right at their doorstep.
St Laurence's Road and Chapelizod offer a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of Dublin city centre, while still being within easy reach of its amenities and attractions. The village's unique blend of history, natural beauty, and community spirit makes it a truly special place to live and visit.
Unfortunately, Chapelizod, including areas around St Laurence's Road, does have a history of flooding.
The village's proximity to the River Liffey makes it susceptible to flooding, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall. There have been several instances in the past where the river has overflowed its banks, causing damage to properties and disruption to residents.
Here are some notable points to consider:
Historical floods: Chapelizod has experienced significant floods throughout history. Some of the most severe floods occurred in 1880, 1954, and 2000. These events caused extensive damage to homes and businesses in the village.
Flood alleviation schemes: In response to the recurring floods, the Office of Public Works (OPW) has implemented flood alleviation schemes in Chapelizod. These measures include the construction of flood walls and embankments along the River Liffey.
Residual risk: While the flood defences have significantly reduced the risk of flooding, there is still a residual risk, especially during extreme weather events.
Planning considerations: If you are considering living in the area, it's advisable to check with the local authorities for information on flood risk and planning regulations. You can also consult with insurance companies to understand the implications for property insurance.
Despite the historical challenges posed by flooding, Chapelizod remains a highly desirable place to live. The village's charm, community spirit, and proximity to Dublin city centre continue to attract residents and visitors alike.
ARCHBOLD'S CASTLE
THIS IS ARCHBOLD'S CASTLE [LOCATED ON THE MAIN STREET IN DALKEY VILLAGE]
Dalkey: A Medieval Port
In the Middle Ages, Dalkey served as a vital port for Dublin, bustling with activity as merchants transported goods to and from the city. Large ships would anchor in the deep, sheltered waters of Dalkey Sound, unloading their precious cargo. This maritime trade played a crucial role in Dalkey's economic prosperity and shaped its development. To protect their goods from plunder, merchants erected fortified warehouses, which came to be known as castles. These castles, strategically positioned along the coastline, served as both storehouses and strongholds, safeguarding Dalkey's commercial interests.
A Glimpse into the Past
Archbold's Castle, one of these fortified warehouses, dates back to the 14th century. Constructed in the Gothic architectural style, the castle stands as a testament to Dalkey's medieval past. It is located on a hill at 53.27789°N 6.106422°W, 60 metres west of Goat Castle (now known as Dalkey Castle). Recognised for its historical importance, Archbold's Castle is a designated National Monument of Ireland.
Of the seven castles that once graced Dalkey, only two remain: Archbold's Castle and Goat Castle. The other five castles – Dungans, Yellow Castle, Wolverton's, House Castle, and Black Castle – have been lost to time, their remains fading into the landscape. However, ground plaques along Dalkey's streets mark the original sites of all seven castles, allowing visitors to trace the outlines of this medieval town.
Goat Castle, also known as Dalkey Castle, boasts several defensive features, including a machicolation, a murder hole, and battlements. These features highlight the importance of protection and security in this era of maritime trade and potential conflict.
Interestingly, the name "Goat Castle" is linked to the Chevers family, who owned the castle in the 17th century. "Chevre" is the French word for goat, and it is believed that the name "Goat Castle" arose from a mispronunciation or association with the Chevers family name.
The Archbold Family and Archbold's Castle
While the castle's origins are linked to the Dungan family, it acquired its current name from the Archbold family, who leased the property in the 18th century. The Archbolds, a prominent family with roots in County Dublin, played a significant role in the region's history. The Archbold surname itself is of Hiberno-Norman origin, derived from the Norman name Archambault, meaning "precious bold".
John Dungan, a member of the Archbold family, held the title of Earl of Limerick and also owned Archbold's Castle in the late 16th century. Beyond their connection to the castle, the Archbold family boasts several notable members who have made significant contributions in various fields. John Dustin Archbold, for example, was a prominent figure in the American oil industry, serving as a director, vice president, and president of the Standard Oil Company. He was also a generous philanthropist, contributing significantly to Syracuse University, where he financed the construction of several buildings, including Archbold Stadium and Archbold Gymnasium. His grandson, John Dana Archbold, was an engineer, conservationist, and philanthropist who received the Order of the British Empire.
The Archbold Family Crest
Although the research material does not provide a family motto for the Archbolds, it does offer insights into their family crest. The crest features a lion's head, symbolising courage and strength, and a saltire, a diagonal cross often associated with heraldry and chivalry. These symbols reflect the family's historical roots and values.
Archbold's Castle in Dalkey's History
Archbold's Castle, like other fortified structures in Dalkey, played a crucial role in protecting the town and its valuable resources. Its strategic location on a hill, overlooking the village and the sea, provided a vantage point for monitoring the surrounding area. The castle's defensive features, including a machicolation above the doorway, highlight its function as a stronghold against potential threats.
During the 15th century, King Henry VI passed the 'Subsidised Castles Act' to strengthen the defences of the Pale, an area under Norman control. This act provided grants for the construction of castles, encouraging the development of fortified settlements like Dalkey. The act reflects the political and social context of the time, highlighting the Norman efforts to maintain control and defend against Gaelic chieftains who sought to reclaim their lands. The Subsidised Castles Act likely played a role in the construction and maintenance of Archbold's Castle, contributing to Dalkey's defensive capabilities.
Archbold's Castle Today
Today, Archbold's Castle stands as a silent sentinel, bearing witness to Dalkey's vibrant past. Although not open to the public, the castle remains in good condition, with the exception of the battlements. Recent restoration efforts by Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council have ensured the preservation of this historical landmark. Houses have been built near the castle, and the surrounding pavements have been redesigned, integrating this medieval structure into the modern village landscape. While visitors cannot explore the castle's interior, they can safely examine its external features and appreciate its architectural significance.
It is interesting to note the contrasting fates of Archbold's Castle and Goat Castle. While Goat Castle has been restored and transformed into a heritage centre, Archbold's Castle remains closed to the public. This difference may be attributed to various factors, including ownership, preservation efforts, and the historical significance attributed to each castle. Goat Castle, with its association with the town hall and its more prominent role in Dalkey's history, may have attracted more attention and resources for restoration and public access.
Architectural Significance
Archbold's Castle, with its Gothic architectural style and defensive features, offers valuable insights into medieval construction techniques and the historical context of fortified warehouses in Dalkey. The castle's machicolation, a common defensive feature in medieval castles, allowed the inhabitants to drop objects on attackers. The castle's sturdy construction and strategic location reflect the importance of protecting goods and trade during that era. The second floor of the castle is believed to have been the main living area, containing a fireplace and a toilet, suggesting a degree of comfort and functionality within this fortified structure.
Dalkey Quarry and the Harbour
Beyond the castles, Dalkey's history is also intertwined with the development of Dún Laoghaire harbour. In the 18th century, Dalkey Quarry provided a significant amount of stone for the construction of this important harbour. Today, the quarry stands as a testament to this historical endeavour, offering a glimpse into the industrial past of the region.
Conclusion
Archbold's Castle, though not as prominent a tourist attraction as Dalkey Castle, holds a unique place in Dalkey's history. Its story intertwines with the Archbold family, the Dungan family, and the broader narrative of Dalkey's evolution from a bustling medieval port to a picturesque coastal village. As a historical landmark and an architectural gem, Archbold's Castle continues to contribute to Dalkey's identity and enrich its cultural heritage.
The castle's existence reminds us of Dalkey's strategic importance in medieval Ireland, its role in maritime trade, and the efforts made to protect its valuable resources. Archbold's Castle, along with the other historical sites in Dalkey, provides a tangible link to the past, allowing us to connect with the lives and experiences of those who came before us. By exploring these remnants of history, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of Irish heritage and the enduring legacy of places like Dalkey.
A visit to Dalkey offers a journey through time, where one can wander through the remnants of medieval castles, trace the outlines of ancient settlements, and imagine the bustling activity of a once-thriving port. Archbold's Castle, standing proudly amidst this historical landscape, invites us to delve into the layers of Dalkey's past and uncover the stories that have shaped this charming coastal village.
BOOTERSTOWN MARSH
BOOTERSTOWN MARSH AND NATURE RESERVE [ROCK ROAD BOOTERSTOWN]
Booterstown Marsh and Nature Reserve is a unique and important habitat with an interesting history. The marsh's origins are directly linked to the construction of the Dublin and Kingstown Railway in the 1830s. This railway, one of the first commuter lines in the world, was built on an embankment across the then-existing Merrion Strand. This construction effectively created a tidal lagoon, which over time evolved into the saltmarsh we see today.
This human-induced change inadvertently created a valuable ecosystem. Booterstown Marsh provides a habitat for a variety of plant and animal life, most notably birds. It's a key stopover point for migratory birds, offering crucial feeding and resting grounds.
Recognizing the ecological importance of the marsh, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council has recently undertaken efforts to further enhance the habitat. Notably, they created islands within the marsh. These islands serve multiple purposes:
Roosting sites: Providing safe places for birds to rest and preen.
Nesting grounds: Offering secure locations for birds to nest and raise their young, away from disturbances.
Protection from high tides: Giving birds refuge during high tide events.
These recent interventions demonstrate an ongoing commitment to conserving and improving this valuable urban wetland. Booterstown Marsh stands as a testament to how human activity can unintentionally create new habitats, and how careful management can further enhance their ecological value.
MAIN STREET DUNDRUM
I VISITED DUNDRUM MAIN STREET TWICE OVER THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAY [TO HAVE LUNCH AT ESSENCE]
I visited Dundrum village twice over the Christmas holiday as a friend recently took over "Essence" on the main Street.
Essence is a, long established, café and patisserie and is a popular spot offering a variety of breakfast and lunch options, along with a selection of pastries and cakes. In essence it provides a casual dining experience with a focus on fresh ingredients and quality food. They offer items such as:
Breakfast/Brunch: Full Irish breakfast, pancakes, and various egg dishes.
Lunch: Sandwiches, paninis, soups, and salads.
Pastries and Cakes: A range of freshly baked goods, including croissants, cakes, and other sweet treats.
Beverages: Coffee, tea, and other drinks.
The reconfiguration of Dundrum Main Street has been a significant undertaking with the aim of prioritising pedestrians and cyclists, and creating a more vibrant and accessible village centre. Here's a summary of the changes and the public reaction:
Changes Implemented:
One-way System for Motor Vehicles: Traffic flow was changed to a one-way system to facilitate wider footpaths and cycle lanes.
Cycle Lanes: Dedicated cycle lanes were introduced to improve safety for cyclists.
Wider Footpaths: Footpaths were widened to provide more space for pedestrians and outdoor seating for businesses.
Pedestrian Crossings: New pedestrian crossings were installed to improve safety for those on foot.
Traffic Calming Measures: Measures were implemented to reduce traffic speed and create a more pedestrian-friendly environment.
Public Reaction:
Before and During:
Initial Concerns: There were initial concerns from some businesses about the potential impact on trade due to changes in traffic flow and parking.
Disruption During Construction: As with any construction project, there was some disruption during the implementation phase.
After:
Generally Positive: The overall reaction has been largely positive, with many people appreciating the improved pedestrian environment and safer cycling facilities.
Increased Footfall: Studies have shown an increase in footfall on Main Street, suggesting that the changes have had a positive impact on the area's vibrancy.
Concerns about Accessibility: Some concerns were raised about accessibility for elderly people and those with mobility issues, particularly regarding the kerbs separating the cycle lanes.
Temporary Measures: Some of the initial measures, such as the temporary kerbs, were recognised as not being ideal long-term solutions.
Overall:
The reconfiguration of Dundrum Main Street appears to have been largely successful in achieving its objectives of creating a more pedestrian and cycle-friendly environment. While there were some initial concerns and challenges, the overall reaction has been positive, with evidence suggesting that the changes have had a positive impact on the area.
It's worth noting that ongoing monitoring and evaluation are important to address any remaining issues and ensure that the changes continue to benefit the community.
WILLIAM DARGAN BRIDGE
THERE ARE TWO TRAM STOPS IN DUNDRUM [AND ONE FEATURES THE LANDMARK WILLIAM DARGAN BRIDGE]
A friend of mine owns a restaurant "Essence" in Dundrum so I decided to have lunch there but on my arrival I discovered that the restaurant was closed, I had forgotten that he had mentioned that they would not be open this Sunday. Anyway, my visit gave me the opportunity to photograph the William Dargan Suspension Bridge,
Key Features:
Cable-stayed design: The bridge is a cable-stayed bridge, meaning the deck is supported by cables running directly to a central tower or pylon. This design allows for longer spans and a more visually striking structure.
Purpose: It carries the Green Line of the Luas over the busy Taney junction, where the R112 and R117 regional roads intersect. It also crosses the Slang River.
Historical context: The bridge is built on the alignment of the former Harcourt Street railway line, which was closed in the 1950s. The new bridge facilitated the return of rail transport to this corridor.
Named after William Dargan: The bridge is named after William Dargan (1799-1867), an important Irish railway contractor who was instrumental in developing Ireland's railway network in the 19th century.
Significance:
Transport infrastructure: The bridge is a vital part of the Luas Green Line, enabling efficient and grade-separated movement of trams through a busy traffic intersection.
Engineering achievement: The bridge's design and construction represent a significant engineering undertaking, particularly given the need to minimise disruption to traffic during construction.
Landmark: With its 50-meter-high pylon and distinctive cable arrangement, the bridge has become a recognisable landmark in the Dundrum area.
Symbolic of regeneration: The bridge symbolises the regeneration of a former railway corridor for modern public transport use.
Additional details:
The bridge was opened in 2004 as part of the launch of the Luas Green Line.
It has a total length of 162 meters.
The main span is 108 meters long.
The pylon is an inverted-Y shape and is made of reinforced concrete.
The deck is supported by 13 pairs of high-tensile steel cables.
Overall, the William Dargan Bridge is a well-designed and important piece of infrastructure that plays a key role in Dublin's public transport system. It also serves as a reminder of Ireland's railway heritage and a symbol of modern urban development.
Essence Patisserie is a casual, cozy spot with a warm and inviting atmosphere. It's a great place to enjoy a delicious breakfast, lunch, or dinner, or to simply relax with a cup of coffee and a pastry. The menu features a variety of fresh and flavourful dishes, including sandwiches, wraps, bagels, and more. The staff are friendly and attentive, and the service is excellent. Of course I am somewhat biased.
POST OFFICE HAS CLOSED
The Bushy Park Bandstand: A History of Neglect and Renewal
Bushy Park, a beloved green space nestled in the heart of Terenure, Dublin, is home to a variety of attractions, including playing fields, walking trails, a picturesque duck pond, a children's playground, an extensive wooded area with walks to the banks of the River Dodder, a woodland pond, and a recently reopened kiosk. Yet, amidst this vibrant landscape, an air of melancholy surrounds the old bandstand. Situated in an idyllic location near the duck pond, the bandstand has fallen into a state of dereliction, its once-proud structure now bearing the scars of time and neglect. This article delves into the history of the Bushy Park bandstand, exploring its origins, the reasons behind its decline, and the plans for its future.
A Bandstand in Bushy Park
Before becoming the public park we know today, the land that now constitutes Bushy Park was part of a larger estate surrounding Bushy Park House. Built in the early eighteenth century, the house was home to several notable figures, including Sir Robert Shaw, a successful financier and politician. Shaw inherited the house through his wife, Maria Wilkinson, and during their time, the estate encompassed a vast area stretching from Rathfarnham to Crumlin. The house eventually passed down through the Shaw family to its final private owner, Mrs Frances Shaw, the grandmother of the renowned Irish playwright and polemicist George Bernard Shaw.
In May 1960, the park officially opened to the public, marking a new chapter in its history. Designed to provide a variety of amenities for the community, the park included two pavilions, 16 hard courts, pitches for Gaelic football, football, and hockey, and, of course, the bandstand. It is believed that the bandstand was likely constructed around the same time as the park's official opening. Built with masonry and painted in a deep green hue, the bandstand boasts a distinctive fan-shaped design that opens out at the base of a slope, creating a natural amphitheatre. This unique setting, with its gentle slopes and surrounding greenery, provided an ideal venue for musical performances and community gatherings, which was indeed its original purpose.
A Period of Decline
Over the years, the bandstand has gradually fallen into disrepair. Despite its aesthetic appeal and attractive location, it has remained largely unused, its stage silent and its seating empty. A number of factors have contributed to this decline. While specific records or reports detailing the reasons for the bandstand's neglect are unavailable, several contributing factors can be identified.
Lack of Maintenance
The bandstand's structure shows signs of deterioration, with peeling paint, weathered surfaces, and an overall air of neglect. This lack of upkeep has likely discouraged its use and contributed to its decline.
Changing Entertainment Landscape
In the past, bandstands served as popular venues for community events and musical performances. However, with the rise of alternative entertainment options and the increasing availability of portable sound systems, the demand for traditional bandstands has diminished.
Secluded Location
The bandstand's location, while aesthetically pleasing, may have also contributed to its underutilisation. Situated in a relatively secluded area of the park, it may not have been easily accessible or visible to all park visitors. This lack of prominence could have further contributed to its decline.
The bandstand's decline reflects a broader shift away from traditional community spaces and towards more individualised forms of entertainment, a trend observed in many parks and public spaces.
A New Chapter: Renovation and Renewal
Despite its years of neglect, the Bushy Park bandstand is not forgotten. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in its potential, with plans for its renovation and revitalisation taking shape.
In 2019, a striking anamorphic mural was painted on the bandstand by the Dublin art group Subset. This vibrant artwork, titled "Please Stand By", was inspired by the bandstand's long period of disuse and aimed to breathe new life into the neglected structure. The mural, which creates a three-dimensional illusion when viewed from a specific angle, has become a popular attraction in the park, drawing attention to the bandstand and its potential. More than just a visual enhancement, the "Please Stand By" mural symbolises the community's desire to re-engage with this forgotten space and reclaim it as a hub for creativity and expression. It serves as a powerful reminder of the potential for art to revitalise neglected spaces and inspire community engagement.
Beyond the artistic intervention, there are more substantial plans for the bandstand's future. Guided by the 2008 landscape masterplan for Bushy Park, Dublin City Council has commissioned Howley Hayes Architects to develop a design for the renovation of the bandstand. The project, which is being developed in the context of the park's Landscape Masterplan and Management & Development Plan, aims to create a vibrant civic space for the park.
The proposed renovation includes the removal of the existing roof, columns, and rear wall, and the addition of a new roof, backstage area, accessible ramp, lighting, and an enhanced stage element. The refurbishment will use a similar palette of materials to the proposed new tearoom, creating a cohesive and aesthetically pleasing design.
These plans signal a new chapter for the Bushy Park bandstand. The renovation project, combined with the artistic intervention of the "Please Stand By" mural, promises to transform the derelict structure into a vibrant community space, once again fulfilling its original purpose as a venue for events and gatherings.
Stories, Events, and News Reports
While the bandstand itself may not have been the subject of extensive news coverage or local anecdotes, its story is intertwined with the history and development of Bushy Park. The park, with its rich past and diverse amenities, has been featured in various newspaper articles and reports.
One notable news story highlighted the creation of the "Please Stand By" mural, showcasing the artistic transformation of the bandstand and its potential as a canvas for creative expression. Another article explored the history of Bushy Park, mentioning the bandstand as one of its key features and highlighting its aesthetic appeal within the park's landscape. This article also mentions a curious feature near the bandstand known as the "Shell House". This small, ruined structure is decorated inside with shells, mainly cockle shells, collected from various Dublin beaches. Although much of the plaster has fallen away, along with many of the shells, it remains an interesting testament to the park's history and the creativity of its past inhabitants.
While specific stories or anecdotes about the bandstand may be limited, its presence in the park has undoubtedly contributed to the memories and experiences of countless visitors over the years. Whether serving as a backdrop for leisurely walks, a meeting point for friends, or a source of curiosity for those intrigued by its history, the bandstand has played a silent yet significant role in the life of Bushy Park.
Conclusion
The Bushy Park bandstand stands as a testament to the changing times and the evolving needs of a community. Once a symbol of community spirit and entertainment, it fell into neglect, its potential obscured by years of disuse. However, with the recent artistic intervention and the planned renovation project, the bandstand is poised for a revival. Its transformation promises to bring new life to this forgotten corner of Bushy Park, creating a space for community engagement, artistic expression, and the enjoyment of the park's natural beauty.
The bandstand's story is a reminder that even in the face of decline, there is always hope for renewal. With careful planning, community involvement, and a touch of creativity, neglected spaces can be transformed into vibrant assets, enriching the lives of those who use them. The bandstand's journey reflects broader themes of community development, historical preservation, and the importance of public spaces in fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity. Its revitalisation will not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of Bushy Park but also contribute to the well-being and social fabric of the surrounding community.
ANNE DEVLIN SCULPTURE
ANNE DEVLIN SCULPTURE [RATHFARNHAM VILLAGE DECEMBER 2024]
Anne Devlin: A Symbol of Resilience in Rathfarnham
On 25th February 2004, South Dublin County Council unveiled a statue of Anne Devlin, a key figure in the 1803 Rebellion, at the entrance to Rathfarnham Village. Positioned facing the Dublin Mountains, the statue portrays Devlin looking towards the horizon, a symbol of hope and the future.
Who was Anne Devlin?
Anne Devlin (c. 1780 – 1851) was born in Cronebeg, near Aughrim, County Wicklow. A cousin of United Irishmen leaders Michael Dwyer and Hugh Vesty Byrne, she became deeply involved in the republican movement. Despite coming from a relatively comfortable farming background, she dedicated herself to the cause of Irish freedom.
Devlin's Role in the 1803 Rebellion
Following the failed 1798 Rebellion, Robert Emmet, a prominent leader of the United Irishmen, sought to reignite the fight for independence. He established a headquarters in a house on Butterfield Lane, Rathfarnham (then known as Butterfield Avenue), then a rural area, to prepare for a renewed uprising in 1803. Anne Devlin, though not directly Emmet's housekeeper as is commonly believed, was indeed a very close associate, moving to this house with Emmet and his close allies to act as a housekeeper, a common way for revolutionaries to mask their activities.
Devlin's role was far more crucial than that of a domestic servant. She acted as a trusted confidante and messenger, carrying vital communications between Emmet and other rebels. Her unwavering loyalty and courage were essential to the planning of the rebellion.
The Aftermath of the Rebellion
The 1803 Rebellion, launched on 23rd July, was a short-lived and ultimately unsuccessful attempt to overthrow British rule. Emmet was captured, tried for treason, and publicly executed on 20th September 1803 outside St. Catherine's Church on Thomas Street, Dublin.
Anne Devlin was arrested shortly after the rising and imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol. She endured brutal interrogations, including torture, and was offered substantial sums of money to betray her comrades. Despite the horrific conditions of her confinement, which included solitary confinement and psychological torment, Devlin refused to divulge any information. She remained steadfast in her loyalty, earning her a reputation as a symbol of resilience and unwavering dedication to the cause of Irish freedom.
On the day of Emmet's execution, Devlin was subjected to a particularly cruel act of psychological torture. She was taken from her cell and brought in a carriage to Dublin Castle for questioning. On the way, the carriage was deliberately stopped outside St. Catherine's Church, where Emmet had been executed, and Anne was forced to witness the aftermath, including the gruesome sight of animals licking up Emmet's blood from the paving stones. This horrific experience is documented in historical accounts and highlights the lengths to which the authorities went to break her spirit.
Life After Imprisonment and Legacy
Devlin was eventually released from Kilmainham Gaol in 1806, possibly through the intervention of Dr. William Trevor, the prison doctor, who was sympathetic to her plight. However, she was a broken woman, physically and emotionally scarred by her experiences. She married William Campbell in 1811 and they had two known children, but she lived out her remaining years in poverty, working as a washerwoman in the Liberties area of Dublin. She died in 1851 and was initially buried in a pauper's grave. Thanks to the efforts of historian Dr. Richard Robert Madden, who recognised her significance, her remains were later reinterred in Glasnevin Cemetery, a more fitting resting place for such a significant figure.
The Rathfarnham Statue: A Contested Memorial
The decision to erect a statue of Anne Devlin in Rathfarnham, rather than one of Robert Emmet, has been a subject of some debate. Emmet is undoubtedly a more widely recognised figure, and his connection to the area is well-established. However, the choice to honour Devlin highlights her crucial role in the 1803 Rebellion and recognises her extraordinary courage and sacrifice. It also serves as a reminder of the countless unsung heroes, particularly women, who played vital roles in Ireland's struggle for independence.
The Statue's Location and Significance
The statue's location at the entrance to Rathfarnham Village is significant. It stands near the site of Emmet's former headquarters on Butterfield Lane, marking the area's connection to this pivotal moment in Irish history. The statue is a popular point of interest for locals and visitors alike and provides an opportunity for reflection on the events of 1803 and the individuals who risked everything for their beliefs.
The Statue's Composition and Condition
While commonly referred to as bronze, the Anne Devlin statue is actually composed of fibreglass with a bronze resin finish. This technique creates the appearance of bronze at a lower cost and weight. This choice of material likely explains the visible wear and tear observed on the statue, as fibreglass is less durable than solid bronze. The statue, now over two decades old, has been exposed to the elements and shows signs of weathering, including fading of the bronze finish. It is also worth noting that the statue has been vandalised in the past and this has caused further damage to the sculpture.
Conclusion
The Anne Devlin statue in Rathfarnham is a powerful tribute to a remarkable woman whose courage and dedication continue to inspire. It stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of resistance and the pursuit of freedom, reminding us of the sacrifices made by those who fought for a better future for Ireland. The statue's presence in Rathfarnham enriches the village's historical landscape and provides a focal point for remembering a crucial period in Irish history.
MONUMENT TO MISSING PERSONS
ANN MULROONEY'S BRONZE MONUMENT TO MISSING PERSONS [KILKENNY CASTLE PARK]
Ann Mulrooney's "Monument To Missing Persons" in Kilkenny Castle Park
Kilkenny Castle Park, a place steeped in history and natural beauty, is home to a poignant sculpture entitled "Monument To Missing Persons". Created by the acclaimed Irish artist Ann Mulrooney, this artwork serves as a powerful reminder of those who have disappeared and the enduring impact their absence has on loved ones. This article delves into the sculpture itself, the artist's background, the significance of its location within Kilkenny Castle Park, and explores the "CONNECTED Kilkenny Sculpture Trail". It also examines the sculpture's relevance within the context of missing person cases and highlights any related stories, events, or media reports.
The "Monument To Missing Persons"
The "Monument To Missing Persons" is a deeply moving sculpture that captures the profound sense of loss and longing associated with the disappearance of a loved one. The sculpture, designed by Ann Mulrooney , consists of multiple hands cast in bronze and arranged on a stone plinth. These life-sized hands reach upwards, symbolising the missing persons reaching out for help or their loved ones reaching out to them. This powerful imagery evokes a sense of both despair and hope, acknowledging the pain of absence while also clinging to the possibility of reunion.
Each hand in the sculpture was cast from the actual hand of a relative of a missing person. This intimate connection to real individuals imbues the artwork with a profound sense of humanity and collective grief. The monument was commissioned by the Jo Jo Dullard Memorial Trust and funded by the National Millennium Committee Project. It was unveiled in 2002 by President Mary Mc Aleese.
The sculpture is located in a serene area of Kilkenny Castle Park, providing a space for quiet reflection and remembrance. The tranquil surroundings and the poignant symbolism of the outstretched hands create an atmosphere conducive to contemplation and healing. An inscription on the stone at the monument reads: "This sculpture and area of reflection is dedicated to all missing persons." This dedication broadens the sculpture's scope, acknowledging the widespread impact of disappearances and offering solace to all those affected.
Jo Jo Dullard
The "Monument To Missing Persons" holds particular significance for the family and friends of Jo Jo Dullard, a 21-year-old woman from Callan who went missing in November 1995. Jo Jo was last seen in Moone, County Kildare, while travelling home from Dublin. Her disappearance remains a mystery, and in 2020, the case was upgraded to a murder inquiry.
The Jo Jo Dullard Memorial Trust played a crucial role in commissioning the monument, ensuring that Jo Jo's story and the plight of other missing persons are not forgotten. Every year on the anniversary of her disappearance, a memorial ceremony is held at the monument. This event brings together family, friends, and the community to remember Jo Jo and other missing persons. The monument serves as a focal point for their grief and their hope for answers.
Ann Mulrooney: Sculptor and Cultural Leader
Ann Mulrooney is an Irish artist with a diverse background in sculpture and cultural management.
Education: BA in Fine Art, Crawford College of Art, Cork
MA in Sculpture, Royal College of Art, London
Artistic Style: Mulrooney's style is characterized by her use of diverse materials, often incorporating metalwork, and her focus on creating public art that engages with social and personal themes.
Major Works: "Monument To Missing Persons" in Kilkenny Castle Park.
Her artistic journey began with a focus on metalwork, having worked in a foundry in the UK. This experience likely influenced her sculptural style and her ability to work with different materials. As she explains in an interview, "I trained as a sculptor originally in the Crawford in Cork and I went and worked as a metal worker in a foundry in the UK for a couple of years."
Mulrooney's work has been exhibited widely in the UK and Ireland, and her pieces are held in numerous public and private collections. While she initially trained as a sculptor, she transitioned into cultural management, taking on roles such as running the National Design and Craft Gallery and serving as the CEO and Artistic Director of VISUAL Centre for Contemporary Art in Carlow. In these positions, she curated exhibitions and developed cross-disciplinary artistic programmes, often exploring the intersection of art, science, and technology.
Mulrooney's artistic vision and leadership have been recognised through her appointment to the Golden Fleece Award Advisory Panel, where she contributes to the selection process for this prestigious award in the visual and applied arts. Her involvement in this panel highlights her expertise and influence within the Irish arts community.
In addition to her work as a sculptor and cultural leader, Mulrooney has also been involved with Puffin Rock Habitats, where she has applied her creative skills and experience to projects related to environmental conservation and education. This demonstrates her commitment to using art and creativity to address important social and environmental issues.
Kilkenny Castle Park: A Place of History and Remembrance
Kilkenny Castle Park provides a historically rich and symbolically resonant setting for the "Monument To Missing Persons". The castle itself has witnessed centuries of Irish history, dating back to its construction in 1260. Originally built to control a fording point of the River Nore, it has served as a strategic stronghold and a symbol of power throughout its existence.
The castle and its surrounding parkland have undergone various transformations over the years, reflecting the changing needs and tastes of its occupants. Today, Kilkenny Castle is a popular tourist destination and a cherished public space, managed by the Office of Public Works. The park's tranquil atmosphere and its association with both historical events and personal memories make it a fitting location for a monument dedicated to those who have vanished.
The placement of the "Monument To Missing Persons" within this historic landscape adds another layer of meaning to the artwork. It connects the personal tragedies of missing persons to the broader historical narrative of Kilkenny Castle and the surrounding area. The park becomes a space where individual stories of loss intersect with the collective memory of the community.
The park also serves as a place to remember not only missing persons but also historical events and figures. This theme of remembrance is woven into the fabric of Kilkenny Castle Park, with its monuments, gardens, and historical buildings all serving as reminders of the past. The "Monument To Missing Persons" adds another dimension to this theme, highlighting the ongoing impact of loss and the importance of keeping memories alive.
Events in Kilkenny Castle Park
Kilkenny Castle Park is not only a place of historical significance and artistic expression but also a vibrant hub for events and gatherings. The Parade Tower, for example, serves as a conference venue, hosting meetings and events for various organisations and businesses.
The park also plays a role in academic life, as ceremonies for conferring awards and degrees on the graduates of the Kilkenny Campus of the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, have been held at the castle since 2002. These events bring a sense of celebration and achievement to the park, adding to its diverse range of functions.
The CONNECTED Kilkenny Sculpture Trails
While the name "CONNECTED Kilkenny Sculpture Trail" may cause some confusion, it actually refers to two distinct art initiatives in Kilkenny.
Firstly, there is the "Kilkenny Catwalk", a trail featuring 21 cat sculptures decorated by Irish artists and displayed in public spaces throughout Kilkenny City. This trail aims to engage the community with art, promote local businesses, and attract visitors to the city.
Secondly, there is a sculpture trail simply called "CONNECTED", an initiative by Design & Crafts Council Ireland, Kilkenny County Council, Kilkenny Arts Festival, Kilkenny Civic Trust and the OPW. This trail began at the National Design & Craft Gallery and led through the city's key cultural and historic sites along Kilkenny's Medieval Mile. It aimed to highlight the craftsmanship involved in developing large and small-scale works suited to the outdoors and to encourage people to reconnect with culture and craft outside of a gallery setting.
Although the "Monument To Missing Persons" may not be officially part of these trails, its presence in Kilkenny Castle Park contributes to the city's rich artistic landscape. It encourages visitors to explore the park and engage with public art that reflects on important social and personal themes.
Stories and Media Reports
The "Monument To Missing Persons" has been featured in news reports and events related to missing person cases, particularly the disappearance of Jo Jo Dullard. News articles about the annual memorial ceremonies often highlight the importance of keeping the memory of missing persons alive and the ongoing search for information about their whereabouts. One article states, "'It's important to keep Jo Jo's memory alive in our hearts and our prayers,' said Father Willie Purcell who with the Kilkenny Gospel choir will lead the walk and service for Jo Jo." This quote emphasises the role of the monument in providing a space for collective remembrance and support.
The "Monument To Missing Persons" provides a tangible symbol of this enduring hope and a place where the community can come together to offer support and solidarity.
Conclusion
Ann Mulrooney's "Monument To Missing Persons" is a powerful and moving artwork that serves as a focal point for remembrance and reflection in Kilkenny Castle Park. The sculpture's location within this historic landscape adds layers of meaning, connecting individual stories of loss to the broader historical narrative of the area and the wider context of missing person cases in Ireland. The artist's background in both sculpture and cultural management has informed her ability to create a work that resonates with both personal and collective experiences. The sculpture's role in memorial events and media reports related to missing person cases further highlights its significance as a symbol of remembrance and hope. The "Monument To Missing Persons" stands as a testament to the power of public art to address social issues, offer solace to those affected by loss, and foster a sense of community.
LOWER KILMACUD ROAD
Kilmacud and Stillorgan are neighbouring areas in Dublin with a somewhat overlapping identity. It's easy to get confused about where one ends and the other begins, especially if you're relying on public transport. Don't assume that the Kilmacud or Stillorgan Luas stops will get you exactly where you need to go - Kilmacud, in particular, stretches across a significant distance.
To understand Kilmacud's location, it helps to picture it in relation to its surrounding areas:
North: Goatstown and Mount Merrion
South: Sandyford
East: Stillorgan
West: Dundrum and Balally
The area is defined by two main roads:
Lower Kilmacud Road: Starts in Goatstown and runs southeast, eventually connecting to the N11 Stillorgan dual carriageway. This road is approximately 2.6 kilometers (1.6 miles) long.
Upper Kilmacud Road: Begins in Dundrum, heads east, and then turns north to join Lower Kilmacud Road near St. Laurence's Boys School. It's about 2.9 kilometers (1.8 miles) long.
Adding to the potential confusion, Kilmacud Crokes GAA club is actually located in Stillorgan, while Stillorgan's Catholic parish is named Kilmacud!
Historically, the boundary between the two areas was less clear. A "Stillorgan" placename sign once stood near Beaufield Park on Lower Kilmacud Road, marking what was then the western edge of Stillorgan. This was before the significant housing developments of the 1950s and beyond.
Getting There by Bus:
Several Dublin Bus routes serve the Kilmacud area, providing connections to various parts of the city. Here are some key routes and stops:
Route 75: Connects Dun Laoghaire to Tallaght, with stops along the N11 Stillorgan dual carriageway, serving the eastern edge of Kilmacud.
Route 11: Runs from Wadelai to Sandyford, with stops on Lower Kilmacud Road near St. Laurence's Church and the Stillorgan Shopping Centre.
Route 44: Travels between DCU and Enniskerry, serving the western part of Kilmacud with stops on Dundrum Road.
Route 47: Connects Poolbeg Street to Belarmine, with stops on Stillorgan Road near Kilmacud Crokes GAA club.
When planning your journey, be sure to check the Dublin Bus website or app for the most up-to-date routes and timetables. Always confirm the specific stop closest to your destination to avoid a potentially long walk.
REBRANDED AS STILLORGAN VILLAGE
Stillorgan Shopping Centre, now rebranded as Stillorgan Village, holds a unique place in Irish retail history. Opened in 1966, it was the first shopping centre in Ireland and introduced a new era of consumerism to the country. Its open-air design, a departure from the fully enclosed malls that later became the norm, set it apart. This design, with its covered walkways and central plaza, fostered a sense of community and openness, making it a popular gathering spot for locals.
One of the major draws of the centre in its early days was the presence of Quinnsworth, a supermarket chain owned by the charismatic Pat Quinn. Quinn was a well-known figure in Ireland, and his supermarkets were renowned for their quality and customer service. This attracted the attention of rival supermarket chain Dunnes Stores, who saw the success of Quinnsworth and Stillorgan and decided to open a massive superstore in nearby Cornelscourt. This was a bold move, aiming to capture some of the market share that Quinnsworth had gained.
However, while the Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt was, and still is, a huge success in its own right, it didn't negatively impact Stillorgan Shopping Centre to the extent that might have been expected. This was likely due to a combination of factors. Quinnsworth, under Pat Quinn, emphasised customer service and a more premium experience, while Dunnes Stores leaned more towards value and a wider range of goods, including their own-brand clothing and homewares. This meant they appealed to slightly different customer bases. Additionally, Stillorgan had the advantage of being established first, and its central location in Stillorgan remained highly convenient for many shoppers. Furthermore, Pat Quinn had cultivated a strong sense of customer loyalty, and many shoppers remained faithful to Quinnsworth despite the arrival of Dunnes.
This rivalry highlights the dynamic nature of the Irish retail landscape. Ultimately, both stores thrived, demonstrating that there was room for multiple players even in a relatively small geographical area. This competition likely benefited consumers by driving improvements in both stores.
Despite the competition and challenges over the years, including several failed attempts to redevelop the site, Stillorgan Shopping Centre has remained a popular shopping destination. The rebranding of the centre as Stillorgan Village is a common trend in Ireland, where shopping centres often adopt the moniker of "village" to create a sense of community and local identity. While Stillorgan Shopping Centre may have a stronger claim to this title, given that the original village centre was demolished to make way for it, the rebranding nonetheless reflects a broader trend in Irish retail.
Stillorgan Village, with its unique open-air design and its place in Irish retail history, continues to be a popular destination for shoppers and a landmark in the community.
While Dunnes Stores has fiercely guarded its independence, Quinnsworth was eventually sold as a going concern, marking a significant turning point in its history.
Here's a closer look at the factors that led to Quinnsworth's sale:
Ambitious Expansion and Diversification: Pat Quinn had ambitious plans for Quinnsworth. He expanded rapidly, not just with supermarkets, but also with ventures like B&Q (DIY) and Crazy Prices (discount). This expansion required significant investment and may have stretched the company's resources.
The Rise of Tesco: Tesco, a major UK supermarket chain, entered the Irish market in the late 1990s with the acquisition of Associated British Foods (ABF), which owned Quinnsworth and Crazy Prices. This brought a formidable competitor into the mix.
Strategic Decision: It's likely that ABF saw the sale to Tesco as a strategic move, allowing them to focus on their core businesses while capitalising on the value of their Irish retail assets.
It's important to remember that Quinnsworth was a highly successful business when it was sold. It had a strong brand reputation, a loyal customer base, and a significant market share. However, the changing landscape of Irish retail, with increased competition and the arrival of Tesco, likely played a role in ABF's decision to sell.
The sale of Quinnsworth to Tesco marked the end of an era in Irish retail. While the Quinnsworth name eventually disappeared, its legacy lived on in many ways. Tesco retained many of the former Quinnsworth employees and incorporated some of its successful practices.
The contrasting trajectories of Dunnes Stores and Quinnsworth provide a fascinating case study in how different companies navigate the challenges of the retail industry. Dunnes Stores, with its unwavering commitment to independence, stands in contrast to Quinnsworth, which ultimately became part of a larger international corporation.
OLD DUBLIN ROAD
THE OLD DUBLIN ROAD STILLORGAN SECTION [IN THE 1960s I LIVED AT WOODLANDS DRIVE WHICH IS OFF THIS ROAD]
Stillorgan's Transformation: From Village to Suburban Hub
The area now known as the 'Old Stillorgan Road' was simply 'Stillorgan Road' when I lived in Woodlands Drive in the 1960s. Stillorgan was then a small, rural village, a far cry from the bustling suburb it is today. While I personally found it aesthetically unappealing, its transformation throughout the latter half of the 20th century is undeniable. I should mention that I liked living in Stillorgan and that I remained there until I accepted a job offer in California in 1979.
My childhood experiences in Stillorgan were starkly different to those in Rathgar, where I had previously lived with my grandmother. In Rathgar, the local shops offered a warm and welcoming atmosphere, particularly for a child. The shopkeepers were friendly and helpful, creating a sense of community. Stillorgan, in contrast, felt cold and impersonal. The local shops along Stillorgan Road were generally unpleasant, with staff often dismissive or unhelpful towards children. There was, however, one shining exception: Baumanns.
Established in 1947 by Jack and Catherine Baumann, Baumanns of Stillorgan quickly became a local institution. This remarkably diverse business catered to a wide range of needs, offering everything from high-class delicatessen items and pet supplies to hardware, gardening equipment, and even hairdressing services. Jack Baumann, affectionately known as the "King of Stillorgan", was a beloved figure in the community, renowned for his generosity and charitable work. He also showed a strong commitment to local employment.
In 1978, Val Baumann took over the business, streamlining it to focus on hardware, pet supplies, and garden sheds. The business continued to adapt and evolve, with the addition of an aquatic centre and fishing and shooting supplies in 2002. Baumanns remains a thriving business in Stillorgan to this day, a testament to its enduring appeal and adaptability.
The arrival of the Stillorgan Shopping Centre in the 1960s marked a significant turning point in the area's development. As one of the first shopping centres in Ireland, and indeed one of the first outside of the USA, it revolutionised the retail landscape. The convenience and variety offered by the shopping centre drew customers away from the smaller shops along Stillorgan Road, leading to the closure of many. Baumanns, however, withstood this change, demonstrating its resilience and strong community ties.
Across the road from this new retail behemoth sat Nimble Fingers, a beloved arts and crafts shop. Now, Nimble Fingers also found itself at the centre of an unexpected drama involving the nearby Oatlands school. In the late 1960s, the school issued a rather startling decree: all students were forbidden from visiting Nimble Fingers. Naturally, this caused quite a stir amongst the parents, who demanded an explanation for this seemingly arbitrary ban. The school, with an air of grave seriousness, declared that the owner of Nimble Fingers was a known member of the Irish Communist Party! One can only imagine the whispers and raised eyebrows that followed this revelation. However, the truth, as it often does, proved to be far less dramatic. It turned out that the owner was not a communist revolutionary, but rather a member of the ICA – the Irish Countrywomen's Association. This venerable organisation, dedicated to social and educational opportunities for women and the betterment of rural and urban life, was evidently mistaken for a hotbed of communist activity. The misunderstanding, once cleared up, no doubt provided much amusement in the community.
The construction of the Stillorgan Bypass and the M50 motorway further contributed to Stillorgan's transformation. Improved transport links increased accessibility and spurred further development, solidifying Stillorgan's position as a key suburban hub.
Stillorgan's Transformation: From Village to Suburban Hub
The area now known as the 'Old Stillorgan Road' was simply 'Stillorgan Road' when I lived in Woodlands Drive in the 1960s. Stillorgan was then a small, rural village, a far cry from the bustling suburb it is today. While I personally found it aesthetically unappealing, its transformation throughout the latter half of the 20th century is undeniable. I should mention that I liked living in Stillorgan and that I remained there until I accepted a job offer in California in 1979.
My childhood experiences in Stillorgan were starkly different to those in Rathgar, where I had previously lived with my grandmother. In Rathgar, the local shops offered a warm and welcoming atmosphere, particularly for a child. The shopkeepers were friendly and helpful, creating a sense of community. Stillorgan, in contrast, felt cold and impersonal. The local shops along Stillorgan Road were generally unpleasant, with staff often dismissive or unhelpful towards children. There was, however, one shining exception: Baumanns.
Established in 1947 by Jack and Catherine Baumann, Baumanns of Stillorgan quickly became a local institution. This remarkably diverse business catered to a wide range of needs, offering everything from high-class delicatessen items and pet supplies to hardware, gardening equipment, and even hairdressing services. Jack Baumann, affectionately known as the "King of Stillorgan", was a beloved figure in the community, renowned for his generosity and charitable work. He also showed a strong commitment to local employment.
In 1978, Val Baumann took over the business, streamlining it to focus on hardware, pet supplies, and garden sheds. The business continued to adapt and evolve, with the addition of an aquatic centre and fishing and shooting supplies in 2002. Baumanns remains a thriving business in Stillorgan to this day, a testament to its enduring appeal and adaptability.
The arrival of the Stillorgan Shopping Centre in the 1960s marked a significant turning point in the area's development. As one of the first shopping centres in Ireland, and indeed one of the first outside of the USA, it revolutionised the retail landscape. The convenience and variety offered by the shopping centre drew customers away from the smaller shops along Stillorgan Road, leading to the closure of many. Baumanns, however, withstood this change, demonstrating its resilience and strong community ties.
Across the road from this new retail behemoth sat Nimble Fingers, a beloved arts and crafts shop. Now, Nimble Fingers also found itself at the centre of an unexpected drama involving the nearby Oatlands school. In the late 1960s, the school issued a rather startling decree: all students were forbidden from visiting Nimble Fingers. Naturally, this caused quite a stir amongst the parents, who demanded an explanation for this seemingly arbitrary ban. The school, with an air of grave seriousness, declared that the owner of Nimble Fingers was a known member of the Irish Communist Party! One can only imagine the whispers and raised eyebrows that followed this revelation. However, the truth, as it often does, proved to be far less dramatic. It turned out that the owner was not a communist revolutionary, but rather a member of the ICA – the Irish Countrywomen's Association. This venerable organisation, dedicated to social and educational opportunities for women and the betterment of rural and urban life, was evidently mistaken for a hotbed of communist activity. The misunderstanding, once cleared up, no doubt provided much amusement in the community.
The construction of the Stillorgan Bypass and the M50 motorway further contributed to Stillorgan's transformation. Improved transport links increased accessibility and spurred further development, solidifying Stillorgan's position as a key suburban hub.
PALMERSTOWN VILLAGE
Palmerstown Village, nestled in the suburbs of Dublin, boasts a rich history dating back to the 12th century. Its name originates from a pilgrim, or "palmer", named Ailred, who established the Palmers' Hospital there. This hospital later became known as the Hospital of St. John the Baptist and eventually merged with the Augustinian Order.
Note: Palmerston [different spelling] is a small area located in Rathmines, on the south side of Dublin City. It's primarily known for a park, Palmerston Park, and the surrounding residential streets. It has no historical connection to Palmerstown Village.
Throughout the centuries, Palmerstown has seen its fair share of notable residents and events:
Early History: In 1188, Pope Clement III officially recognised the priory's land grants, which included the parish of Palmerstown. A renowned scholar, Thomas Hibernicus, also resided in Palmerstown in the 13th century.
Post-Dissolution: Following the dissolution of monasteries in 1539, the hospital's property, including a large house, church, mill, and kiln, was granted to Sir John Allen, the Irish Chancellor.
17th Century: Sir Maurice Eustace, a prominent figure in Irish law and politics, became the primary owner of Palmerstown. After his death, the estate passed to Sir John Temple, Solicitor-General for Ireland under Charles II.
18th Century: The prominent Anglo-Irish politician, John Hely-Hutchinson, held ownership of Palmerstown. He also served as Provost of Trinity College Dublin.
Modern Era: Palmerstown experienced significant growth and development in the 20th century, transforming into a bustling suburb of Dublin.
Today, Palmerstown retains its village charm while offering modern amenities. It's a popular residential area with a strong sense of community.
The spelling of "Palmerstown" has been a source of local contention and even led to a plebiscite in the village.
Here's a breakdown of the situation:
The Issue:
Two Spellings: "Palmerstown" with a 'w' is the historical and traditional spelling of the village, reflecting its origin from the pilgrim "palmer." However, "Palmerston" (without the 'w') became common in official usage, particularly on road signs and by some government agencies.
Local Identity: Residents felt that the 'w'-less spelling eroded their village's historical identity and connection to its past. They argued that "Palmerston" was associated with the area in Dublin City and caused confusion.
The Plebiscite:
2009 Vote: An initial attempt to restore the 'w' in 2009 through a vote of the wider area failed due to low turnout.
2014 Village Vote: In 2014, a local councillor organised a plebiscite specifically for Palmerstown Village residents. This time, the vote was overwhelmingly in favour of officially reinstating the 'w'.
Outcome:
Official Recognition: South Dublin County Council acknowledged the results of the plebiscite. While the surrounding area may still sometimes be referred to as "Palmerston," the village itself is officially recognised as "Palmerstown."
Ongoing Changes: Efforts have been made to update signage and official documents to reflect the correct spelling. However, you might still encounter the 'w'-less version from time to time.
Significance:
The "Palmerstown" spelling dispute highlights the importance of local identity and historical preservation for communities. It demonstrates how even seemingly small details like a single letter can carry significant meaning for residents.
Note: Palmerston [different spelling] is a small area located in Rathmines, on the south side of Dublin City. It's primarily known for a park, Palmerston Park, and the surrounding residential streets. It has no historical connection to Palmerstown Village.
Throughout the centuries, Palmerstown has seen its fair share of notable residents and events:
Early History: In 1188, Pope Clement III officially recognised the priory's land grants, which included the parish of Palmerstown. A renowned scholar, Thomas Hibernicus, also resided in Palmerstown in the 13th century.
Post-Dissolution: Following the dissolution of monasteries in 1539, the hospital's property, including a large house, church, mill, and kiln, was granted to Sir John Allen, the Irish Chancellor.
17th Century: Sir Maurice Eustace, a prominent figure in Irish law and politics, became the primary owner of Palmerstown. After his death, the estate passed to Sir John Temple, Solicitor-General for Ireland under Charles II.
18th Century: The prominent Anglo-Irish politician, John Hely-Hutchinson, held ownership of Palmerstown. He also served as Provost of Trinity College Dublin.
Modern Era: Palmerstown experienced significant growth and development in the 20th century, transforming into a bustling suburb of Dublin.
Today, Palmerstown retains its village charm while offering modern amenities. It's a popular residential area with a strong sense of community.
The spelling of "Palmerstown" has been a source of local contention and even led to a plebiscite in the village.
Here's a breakdown of the situation:
The Issue:
Two Spellings: "Palmerstown" with a 'w' is the historical and traditional spelling of the village, reflecting its origin from the pilgrim "palmer." However, "Palmerston" (without the 'w') became common in official usage, particularly on road signs and by some government agencies.
Local Identity: Residents felt that the 'w'-less spelling eroded their village's historical identity and connection to its past. They argued that "Palmerston" was associated with the area in Dublin City and caused confusion.
The Plebiscite:
2009 Vote: An initial attempt to restore the 'w' in 2009 through a vote of the wider area failed due to low turnout.
2014 Village Vote: In 2014, a local councillor organised a plebiscite specifically for Palmerstown Village residents. This time, the vote was overwhelmingly in favour of officially reinstating the 'w'.
Outcome:
Official Recognition: South Dublin County Council acknowledged the results of the plebiscite. While the surrounding area may still sometimes be referred to as "Palmerston," the village itself is officially recognised as "Palmerstown."
Ongoing Changes: Efforts have been made to update signage and official documents to reflect the correct spelling. However, you might still encounter the 'w'-less version from time to time.
Significance:
The "Palmerstown" spelling dispute highlights the importance of local identity and historical preservation for communities. It demonstrates how even seemingly small details like a single letter can carry significant meaning for residents.
BABY AUSTIN
Based on my memory of my Grandfather's first car, the car parked outside the Dropping Well Pub is an Austin 7 which he referred to as his Baby Austin.
The prominent "Austin" badge on the front grille, along with the overall shape and design of the vehicle, including the distinctive headlights and wire wheels, are characteristic of this iconic model.
The Austin 7, affectionately known as the "Baby Austin," was a hugely popular car produced by the Austin Motor Company from 1922 to 1939. Its small size, affordability, and reliability made it a favorite among the British public, and it played a significant role in democratising car ownership in the early 20th century.
Seeing one parked outside the historic Dropping Well Pub was a delightful sight, adding a touch of vintage charm and a nod to the area's rich heritage.
The Austin Motor Company: A Driving Force in British Automotive History
The Austin Motor Company, founded in 1905 by Herbert Austin, played a pivotal role in shaping the British automotive industry and left an enduring mark on the global automotive landscape.
Early Years and Expansion:
1905: The Birth of Austin: Herbert Austin, an engineer with a vision, established the company in Longbridge, Birmingham, initially utilising a disused printing works.
Focus on Luxury: Early Austin cars were marketed towards the affluent, gaining a reputation for quality and craftsmanship.
World War I Production: The company's manufacturing prowess was harnessed during the war, producing munitions and vehicles for the British military.
Post-War Growth: Following the war, Austin expanded its model range and production capacity, catering to a wider market.
Iconic Models and Innovations:
The Austin 7: Launched in 1922, this small, affordable car revolutionised the British automotive market, making car ownership accessible to a broader segment of the population.
The Austin Mini: Introduced in 1959, the Mini became an icon of British design and engineering, known for its compact size, innovative space utilisation, and fun driving experience.
Other Notable Models: Throughout its history, Austin produced a wide range of vehicles, including the Austin Healey sports cars, the Austin A30, the Austin 1100/1300, and the Austin Maxi.
Mergers and Transformations:
1952: Formation of BMC: Austin merged with Morris Motors to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC), consolidating their market presence and resources.
1968: British Leyland: BMC merged with Leyland Motors to create British Leyland, a conglomerate that faced challenges due to its size and complex structure.
1980s: Decline and Demise: The Austin brand struggled during the 1980s, facing competition from foreign manufacturers and internal challenges within British Leyland. The brand was eventually phased out in 1987.
Legacy and Influence:
Accessibility and Innovation: Austin played a crucial role in democratising car ownership in Britain, making automobiles more affordable and accessible to the masses.
Design and Engineering Excellence: The company produced numerous iconic models that showcased innovative design and engineering solutions.
Global Impact: Austin cars were exported worldwide, contributing to the company's international recognition and influence.
Cultural Icon: The Austin Mini, in particular, became a symbol of British culture and style, capturing the spirit of a generation.
Conclusion:
The Austin Motor Company, despite its eventual demise, left an indelible mark on the automotive world. Its commitment to innovation, accessibility, and design excellence helped shape the British automotive industry and inspired generations of car enthusiasts. While the Austin brand may no longer exist, its legacy lives on through the iconic models and the memories they evoke.
Austin 7, Baby Austin, Dropping Well Pub, Dublin, vintage car, automotive heritage, nostalgia, iconic car, Herbert Austin, compact car, affordable car, simple design, fuel efficiency, democratisation of car ownership.
The prominent "Austin" badge on the front grille, along with the overall shape and design of the vehicle, including the distinctive headlights and wire wheels, are characteristic of this iconic model.
The Austin 7, affectionately known as the "Baby Austin," was a hugely popular car produced by the Austin Motor Company from 1922 to 1939. Its small size, affordability, and reliability made it a favorite among the British public, and it played a significant role in democratising car ownership in the early 20th century.
Seeing one parked outside the historic Dropping Well Pub was a delightful sight, adding a touch of vintage charm and a nod to the area's rich heritage.
The Austin Motor Company: A Driving Force in British Automotive History
The Austin Motor Company, founded in 1905 by Herbert Austin, played a pivotal role in shaping the British automotive industry and left an enduring mark on the global automotive landscape.
Early Years and Expansion:
1905: The Birth of Austin: Herbert Austin, an engineer with a vision, established the company in Longbridge, Birmingham, initially utilising a disused printing works.
Focus on Luxury: Early Austin cars were marketed towards the affluent, gaining a reputation for quality and craftsmanship.
World War I Production: The company's manufacturing prowess was harnessed during the war, producing munitions and vehicles for the British military.
Post-War Growth: Following the war, Austin expanded its model range and production capacity, catering to a wider market.
Iconic Models and Innovations:
The Austin 7: Launched in 1922, this small, affordable car revolutionised the British automotive market, making car ownership accessible to a broader segment of the population.
The Austin Mini: Introduced in 1959, the Mini became an icon of British design and engineering, known for its compact size, innovative space utilisation, and fun driving experience.
Other Notable Models: Throughout its history, Austin produced a wide range of vehicles, including the Austin Healey sports cars, the Austin A30, the Austin 1100/1300, and the Austin Maxi.
Mergers and Transformations:
1952: Formation of BMC: Austin merged with Morris Motors to form the British Motor Corporation (BMC), consolidating their market presence and resources.
1968: British Leyland: BMC merged with Leyland Motors to create British Leyland, a conglomerate that faced challenges due to its size and complex structure.
1980s: Decline and Demise: The Austin brand struggled during the 1980s, facing competition from foreign manufacturers and internal challenges within British Leyland. The brand was eventually phased out in 1987.
Legacy and Influence:
Accessibility and Innovation: Austin played a crucial role in democratising car ownership in Britain, making automobiles more affordable and accessible to the masses.
Design and Engineering Excellence: The company produced numerous iconic models that showcased innovative design and engineering solutions.
Global Impact: Austin cars were exported worldwide, contributing to the company's international recognition and influence.
Cultural Icon: The Austin Mini, in particular, became a symbol of British culture and style, capturing the spirit of a generation.
Conclusion:
The Austin Motor Company, despite its eventual demise, left an indelible mark on the automotive world. Its commitment to innovation, accessibility, and design excellence helped shape the British automotive industry and inspired generations of car enthusiasts. While the Austin brand may no longer exist, its legacy lives on through the iconic models and the memories they evoke.
Austin 7, Baby Austin, Dropping Well Pub, Dublin, vintage car, automotive heritage, nostalgia, iconic car, Herbert Austin, compact car, affordable car, simple design, fuel efficiency, democratisation of car ownership.
SPIRIT OF THE DOCKLANDS
AND THE HALFPENNY BRIDGE
THE BETA TEST MAY NOT WORK
LIFFEY CRUISE
The origins of the name "Back Lane" are shrouded in mystery, with several theories put forward based on historical context and city planning. Regardless of its name, the lane is home to a significant landmark: Tailor's Hall.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
TAILORS HALL
A HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHT ON BACK LANE
TAILOR'S HALL
The origins of the name "Back Lane" are shrouded in mystery, with several theories put forward based on historical context and city planning. Regardless of its name, the lane is home to a significant landmark: Tailor's Hall.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
MOTHER REDCAP'S
A HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE ON BACK LANE
MOTHER REDCAP'S
Mother Redcap's, a former market and pub complex situated on Back Lane, holds a unique place in Dublin's history. Its transformation over the years, from a bustling shoe factory to a vibrant market, and the subsequent archaeological discoveries, reveal a multi-layered narrative of the city's past.
A Story of Transformation:
Originally built in the late 19th century as a shoe factory for James Winstanley, the complex played a vital role in Dublin's industrial landscape. In 1988, the site was repurposed as an indoor market and pub, becoming known for its diverse range of vendors and lively atmosphere. However, this era came to an end in the early 2000s when Mother Redcap's closed its doors.
Unearthing the Past:
Extensive archaeological excavations in 2006 unveiled a treasure trove of historical deposits, dating from the Hiberno-Norse period (c. 900 AD) to the post-medieval era. These discoveries included evidence of a Hiberno-Norse defensive bank, medieval cultivation, post-medieval occupation, and the remains of Kildare Hall, a historic building that once graced the site.
Preserving Heritage:
Although the market and pub are no longer in operation, the archaeological significance of Mother Redcap's cannot be overstated. The site stands as a testament to the layers of history that have shaped Dublin, highlighting the importance of preserving and understanding its heritage. While redevelopment plans for the site exist, the archaeological findings underscore the need for a balanced approach that respects the site's historical value.
The Winstanley Legacy:
The original Winstanley Shoe Factory was a major contributor to Dublin's industrial growth. Founded by James Winstanley, an English clogger who settled in Dublin in 1852, the factory thrived, producing thousands of pairs of shoes weekly and employing hundreds of workers, mostly from the Liberties area. Winstanley, an active community member and alderman, played a crucial role in the city's development.
From Factory to Marketplace:
The factory's strategic location on Back Lane, coupled with its use of modern machinery and production techniques, allowed it to flourish. However, by the 1980s, the factory closed due to changes in the global footwear industry. The site's subsequent transformation into Mother Redcap's Market and pub breathed new life into the area, but this too was short-lived.
A Window into Dublin's Past:
Despite the closures, the legacy of the Winstanley Shoe Factory and Mother Redcap's lives on. The archaeological remains unearthed in 2006 provide valuable insights into the site's long and varied history, reminding us of Dublin's rich industrial and cultural heritage.
A Story of Transformation:
Originally built in the late 19th century as a shoe factory for James Winstanley, the complex played a vital role in Dublin's industrial landscape. In 1988, the site was repurposed as an indoor market and pub, becoming known for its diverse range of vendors and lively atmosphere. However, this era came to an end in the early 2000s when Mother Redcap's closed its doors.
Unearthing the Past:
Extensive archaeological excavations in 2006 unveiled a treasure trove of historical deposits, dating from the Hiberno-Norse period (c. 900 AD) to the post-medieval era. These discoveries included evidence of a Hiberno-Norse defensive bank, medieval cultivation, post-medieval occupation, and the remains of Kildare Hall, a historic building that once graced the site.
Preserving Heritage:
Although the market and pub are no longer in operation, the archaeological significance of Mother Redcap's cannot be overstated. The site stands as a testament to the layers of history that have shaped Dublin, highlighting the importance of preserving and understanding its heritage. While redevelopment plans for the site exist, the archaeological findings underscore the need for a balanced approach that respects the site's historical value.
The Winstanley Legacy:
The original Winstanley Shoe Factory was a major contributor to Dublin's industrial growth. Founded by James Winstanley, an English clogger who settled in Dublin in 1852, the factory thrived, producing thousands of pairs of shoes weekly and employing hundreds of workers, mostly from the Liberties area. Winstanley, an active community member and alderman, played a crucial role in the city's development.
From Factory to Marketplace:
The factory's strategic location on Back Lane, coupled with its use of modern machinery and production techniques, allowed it to flourish. However, by the 1980s, the factory closed due to changes in the global footwear industry. The site's subsequent transformation into Mother Redcap's Market and pub breathed new life into the area, but this too was short-lived.
A Window into Dublin's Past:
Despite the closures, the legacy of the Winstanley Shoe Factory and Mother Redcap's lives on. The archaeological remains unearthed in 2006 provide valuable insights into the site's long and varied history, reminding us of Dublin's rich industrial and cultural heritage.
BACK LANE
AN UNCOMPLICATED NAME FOR A LANE
BACK LANE
This Saint Vincent de Paul night shelter was constructed to designs by Thomas Francis McNamara in 1915 to provide low-cost accommodation for working men, and later became a night shelter as homelessness became more apparent. Its substantial scale and form, with a regular fenestration arrangement creating a well-balanced, symmetrical façade, make it an imposing addition to Back Lane. The statue of Saint Vincent De Paul is notable, adding artistic and contextual interest. The building is of considerable social importance as an early twentieth-century example of purpose-built charitable accommodation.
The origins of the name "Back Lane" are shrouded in mystery, with several theories put forward based on historical context and city planning. Regardless of its name, the lane is home to a significant landmark: Tailor's Hall.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
The origins of the name "Back Lane" are shrouded in mystery, with several theories put forward based on historical context and city planning. Regardless of its name, the lane is home to a significant landmark: Tailor's Hall.
The Back Lane Parliament: In 1792, Tailor's Hall, situated on Back Lane, became the meeting place for the Catholic Committee. They gathered to draft a petition to King George III, seeking relief from the discriminatory Penal Laws imposed on Catholics. This gathering was dubbed the "Back Lane Parliament" and marked a pivotal moment in the fight for Catholic emancipation in Ireland.
The Tailors' Guild: Tailor's Hall itself served as a crucial hub for the Guild of Merchant Tailors, which played a vital role in Dublin's economic and social fabric for centuries.
Architectural Significance:
Tailor's Hall: This beautifully restored 18th-century building remains a prominent feature on Back Lane. It now serves as the headquarters for An Taisce, the National Trust for Ireland.
Important Note: While Tailor's Hall has a rich history and was once open to the public as a pub/tavern, it is currently closed for general access. As the headquarters for An Taisce, the building may be open for pre-arranged tours or special events. Those interested in exploring its interior should contact An Taisce directly for further information.
FRANCIS STREET
THERE IS STILL SOME STREET ART
STILL SOME STREET ART
Francis Street in Dublin has a vibrant history of street art, with a noticeable shift towards more "commercial" or commissioned pieces in recent years. This trend is likely driven by businesses seeking to deter random graffiti and enhance their storefronts.
Vini.Bustamante, a well-known street artist, has contributed significantly to the area's artistic landscape. Their work can be spotted on various buildings, adding a colourful and dynamic touch to the street.
One notable location for high-quality street art was the Tivoli Theatre Car Park. This space became a haven for artists, showcasing diverse styles and themes. However, the recent redevelopment of the car park into a hotel has unfortunately resulted in the loss of this unique artistic hub.
Despite this loss, Francis Street continues to evolve as a canvas for creative expression. The presence of commissioned street art adds a layer of vibrancy to the area, attracting visitors and fostering a sense of community pride. However, the debate continues regarding the balance between commercial interests and the organic, unfiltered nature of street art.
Vini.Bustamante, a well-known street artist, has contributed significantly to the area's artistic landscape. Their work can be spotted on various buildings, adding a colourful and dynamic touch to the street.
One notable location for high-quality street art was the Tivoli Theatre Car Park. This space became a haven for artists, showcasing diverse styles and themes. However, the recent redevelopment of the car park into a hotel has unfortunately resulted in the loss of this unique artistic hub.
Despite this loss, Francis Street continues to evolve as a canvas for creative expression. The presence of commissioned street art adds a layer of vibrancy to the area, attracting visitors and fostering a sense of community pride. However, the debate continues regarding the balance between commercial interests and the organic, unfiltered nature of street art.
NEW PUBLIC SPACE
POCKET PARK AT ST LUKE'S AVENUE
NEW POCKET PARK
ST LUKE'S AVENUE [THE NEW PUBLIC SPACE IN FRONT OF THE OLD CHURCH]
In recent years, Dublin City Council has undertaken a number of improvements to the public realm around the former St. Luke’s Church (Thomas Burgh House). These include the creation of a new public park with new steps and ramp entrances, replacing what was previously a green verge.
History of St. Luke’s Church:
Built between 1715 and 1716.
Situated between The Coombe and Newmarket.
Originally the Parish Church of the St. Nicholas Without and St. Luke’s Parish, now part of the Select Vestry St. Patrick’s Cathedral Group of Parishes.
Closed for public worship in 1975, with the parish now worshipping in St. Catherine and St. James Church, Donore Avenue.
Badly damaged by fire in 1986 and remained unused and in a ruinous condition until 2003.
A protected structure and recorded monument within the Dublin zone of archaeological potential.
Conservation and Restoration Efforts:
A Conservation Plan for St. Luke’s Church was commissioned by Dublin City Council in conjunction with the Heritage Council in 2003.
The plan aimed to address the church’s deteriorating physical condition and ensure its survival.
In 1994, Dublin City Council purchased the site and initiated restoration plans.
The surrounding graveyard has been partially redeveloped into a pocket park.
A tender for the church building’s restoration was awarded in 2006, involving the insertion of a new building into the restored ruins.
Current Status:
The former St. Luke's Church (Thomas Burgh House) is being redeveloped into office spaces.
Significant improvements have been made to the surrounding public realm, including the creation of a new public park and enhancements to Newmarket Street.
A disused drainage chamber at the base of Newmarket Street has been removed and replaced with paving and planted areas.
The stepped entrance into Newmarket Street has been remodelled and widened.
These developments demonstrate a commitment to revitalising the Coombe area and enhancing its public spaces, while preserving its historical significance through the adaptive reuse of the former St. Luke's Church.
In recent years, Dublin City Council has undertaken a number of improvements to the public realm around the former St. Luke’s Church (Thomas Burgh House). These include the creation of a new public park with new steps and ramp entrances, replacing what was previously a green verge.
History of St. Luke’s Church:
Built between 1715 and 1716.
Situated between The Coombe and Newmarket.
Originally the Parish Church of the St. Nicholas Without and St. Luke’s Parish, now part of the Select Vestry St. Patrick’s Cathedral Group of Parishes.
Closed for public worship in 1975, with the parish now worshipping in St. Catherine and St. James Church, Donore Avenue.
Badly damaged by fire in 1986 and remained unused and in a ruinous condition until 2003.
A protected structure and recorded monument within the Dublin zone of archaeological potential.
Conservation and Restoration Efforts:
A Conservation Plan for St. Luke’s Church was commissioned by Dublin City Council in conjunction with the Heritage Council in 2003.
The plan aimed to address the church’s deteriorating physical condition and ensure its survival.
In 1994, Dublin City Council purchased the site and initiated restoration plans.
The surrounding graveyard has been partially redeveloped into a pocket park.
A tender for the church building’s restoration was awarded in 2006, involving the insertion of a new building into the restored ruins.
Current Status:
The former St. Luke's Church (Thomas Burgh House) is being redeveloped into office spaces.
Significant improvements have been made to the surrounding public realm, including the creation of a new public park and enhancements to Newmarket Street.
A disused drainage chamber at the base of Newmarket Street has been removed and replaced with paving and planted areas.
The stepped entrance into Newmarket Street has been remodelled and widened.
These developments demonstrate a commitment to revitalising the Coombe area and enhancing its public spaces, while preserving its historical significance through the adaptive reuse of the former St. Luke's Church.
THE FROG KING
Vini Bustamante, a Brazilian/Portuguese artist based in Dublin 8, created an artwork titled “Frog King.” This vibrant piece features frogs and exudes a magical and mystical quality. As an Art Director at BBDO Dublin, Vini is undoubtedly immersed in creativity and seeking inspiration. According to the information on the box the artist operates under the name Raphael Silva.
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